Unit-8-Life-of-Samuel-Johnson

Unit8TextTheLifeofSamuelJohnsonI.TheLifeofSamuelJohnsonTheLifeofSamuelJohnson,isabiographyofDr.SamuelJohnsonwrittenbyJamesBoswell.Itisregardedasanimportantstageinthedevelopmentofthemoderngenreofbiography;manyhaveclaimeditasthegreatestbiographywritteninEnglish.WhileBoswell'spersonalacquaintancewithhissubjectonlybeganin1763,whenJohnsonwas54yearsold,BoswellcoveredtheentiretyofJohnson'slifebymeansofadditionalresearch.ThebiographytakesmanycriticallibertieswithJohnson'slife,asBoswellmakesvariouschangestoJohnson'squotationsandevencensors(删剪)manycomments.Regardlessoftheseactions,modernbiographershavefoundBoswell'sbiographyasanimportantsourceofinformation.Theworkwaspopularamongearlyaudiencesandwithmoderncritics.II.SamuelJohnsonJohnson(1709-84)isoneofthekeyfiguresandalsooneofthemostchallengingandwide-rangingwritersinEnglishliteraryhistory.Heisthesourceofendlessfamiliaraphorisms(格言,警句),thecompilerofthefirstgreatEnglishdictionary,thegreatestofessayists,andeditorofShakespeare,biographerandcriticoftheEnglishpoets,authorbothoftheinfluentialjournalRamblerandthepopularfictionRasselas,andoneofthemostdistinctivecharactersandconversationalistsinourliteraryculture.TodaywerememberSamuelJohnson,thewriter,editor,andlexicographer.DoctorJohnson'scontributionstoEnglishliteraturearegreat.InadditiontohiscollectionsofessaystitledTheIdlerandTheRambler,heeditedacollectionofShakespeare,wrotethebiographicalLivesofthePoets,andcompiledADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Someofhisbetter-rememberedepigramsincludedefiningexerciseaslaborwithoutweariness;andpoetryastheartofunitingpleasurewithtruth.III.JamesBoswellJamesBoswell(1740-1795),authorofTheLifeofSamuelJohnson,remainsoneofthemorecelebratedbiographersinmodernliteraryhistory.InhismonumentalALifeofJamesBoswell,PeterMartintakesontheformidabletaskofwritingthebiographer'sbiography―oftellingthestoryofamanwhosenumerousjournalsarerenownedfortheirvividevocation(唤起)ofhislifeandtimes.ThemovingbiographyALifeofJamesBoswellreassesses(再评价)JamesBoswell'sachievementsanduncoversthebreadthofhisworld.PeterMartindispels(驱散,赶跑)thenotionthatBoswell'smasterlyLifeofJohnsonwasanaccidentalworkofgenius,andshowsthatBoswellwasawriterofthehighestorderandacomplex,troubled,butultimatelyappealingman.IV.StructureoftheTextPartI(para.1)―JohnsonwasangeredbythecontinuedneglectofChesterfieldwholaterattemptedtopleaseJohnsonbywritingtwopapersPartII(para.2-4)―Chesterfield’sflatteryofJohnson&recommendationofhisdictionaryPartIII(para.5-13)―JohnsondespisedChesterfield’shoneyedwordsbywritinghimaletterPartIV(14-17)―Chesterfield’sinfluenceonJohnson’swritingcoupletsV.TextAnalysislord―usedasaformofaddressforamarquis,anearl,oraviscount勋爵(用作侯爵、伯爵或子爵的称呼)lordship―oftenLordshipUsedwith‘Your’,‘His’,or‘Their’asatitleandformofaddressforamanormenholdingtherankoflord常作Lordship阁下：与Your,his或their连用，作为对拥有勋爵头衔的男子的称呼方式和头衔DoyouknowthefivenobletitlesavailableinBritain?TheyareDuke(公爵),Marquis(侯爵),Earl(伯爵),Viscount(子爵)andBaron(男爵).WhydidJohnsonresolvedtohavenoconnexionwithChesterfield?BecauseChesterfieldtooknonoticeofJohnsonforquitealongtime.soothe―tocalmorplacate使平静或安慰insinuate―tointroduceorinsert(oneself)bysubtleandartfulmeans迂回：用微妙和机灵的方式做（自我）介绍、献媚求宠sage―oneveneratedforexperience,judgment,andwisdom圣人conciliate―(1)appease安抚(2)toplease取悦WhomdoestheSagereferto?SamuelJohnson.republic―agroupofpeopleworkingasequalsinthesamesphereorfield团体,界letter–(1)literaryculture;belles-lettres(纯)文学(2)learningorknowledge,especiallyofliterature文学知识(3)literatureorwritingasaprofession文学家,作家therepublicofletters文学界perusal–readingthroughcarefully熟[精,细]读own–acknowledge承认anarchy–chaos,confusion混乱，无秩序Tarpeainmaid–[罗神]塔尔皮亚(古罗马侍奉灶神的处女,背叛罗马,打开城门迎接入侵的塞宾人(Sabines),当要求赏赐时,被塞宾人用盾刺死)注:Sabines是古罗马三个部族中的一个Howtounderstand“Letitstill……byunnecessaryornaments”?Ourlanguageshouldabsorbtheadvantagesofotherforeignlanguagesandavoidthedisadvantagesofthem,otherwiseourlanguagemightbedestroyedbyotherforeignlanguages.arduous–demandinggreateffortorlabor;difficult艰巨的；困难的hereby–byvirtueofthisact,decree,bulletin,ordocument;bythismeans据此subject–onewhoisundertheruleofanotherorothers,especiallyonewhoowesallegiancetoagovernmentorruler(国)臣民said–adj.namedormentionedbefore;aforementioned上(前)述的Saidpartyhasdeniedthecharges.上述一方已否认了控诉.nay–andmoreover不仅如此,而且Hewasill-favored,nay,hideous.他是难看的，不仅如此，而且是可怕的.infallible–(1)RomanCatholicChurchIncapableoferrorinexpoundingdoctrineonfaithormorals【罗马天主教】阐述教义无误的(2)Incapableoferring不可能犯错误的aninfallibleguide绝无谬误的向导;aninfalliblesourceofinformation可靠的资料来源inthechair–担任主席[会长],处主席地位importunately–urgently急迫地resortto–tohaverecourse诉诸，依靠,求助Whatdoesthiscourtlydevicereferto?Chesterfield’swritingtwopaperstopleaseJohnsonandtoletthepublicknowthathewasthepatronofJohnson.dupe–aneasilydeceivedperson易受骗的人artifice―anartfulorcraftyexpedient;astratagem诡计;计谋scribbling―乱涂[写];[pl.]胡[乱]写的文章[作品]civil―polite,notrudesolicit―topetitionpersistently;importune不断请求posterity―futuregenerations后代dictate―tosayorreadaloudtoberecordedorwrittenbyanother口述transcript―somethingtranscribed,especiallyaw