提单(bill-of-lading)中英文简介

B/L1提单（billoflading）中英文简介简介提单（BillofLading,B/L）是由船长或承运人或承运人的代理人签发，证明收到特定货物，允许将货物运至特定目的地并交付于收货人的凭证。一、提单的作用1.提单是运输合同的证明2.提单是货物收据3.提单是物权凭证分类二、提单的分类1.按货物是否已装船区分1已装船提单（ShippedB/LoronBoardB/L）。2收货待运提单（ReceivedforShipmentB/L）。2．按提单抬头区分1记名提单（StraightB/L），又称收货人抬头提单。2指示提单（OrderB/L）。3不记名提单（BlankB/LorOpenB/L）。3.按无影响结汇的批注区分1清洁提单（CleanB/L）。2不清洁提单（FoulB/L）。4.按收费方式区分1运费预付提单(FreightPrepaidB/L)。2运费到付提单（FreightCollectB/L）。5.按船舶的经营方式区分1班轮提单(LinerB/L)。2租船提单（CharterParthB/L）。三、提单的缮制与签发1．托运人（Shipper）2．收货人（Consignee）3．通知人（NotifyParty）4．前段运输（Pre-Carriageby）5．收货地点(PlaceofReceipt)6．海运船舶及航次（OceanVesse）7．装货港（PortofLoading）8．卸货港（PortofDischarge）9．交货地点（PlaceofDelivery）10.唛头和号码、集装箱箱号和铅封号（Marks&Nos.、Container.SealNo.）11．集装箱数或件数（NoofContainerorPkgs）12．包装种类、货物名称（KindofPackages、DescriptionofGoods）13．毛重（GrossWeightkgs）14．体积（Measurement）15．运费和费用、付款地点及付款方式（Freight&Charges、Prepaidat、Payableat、Pre-paid、Collect）B/L216．提单号和正本提单份数（B/LNo.、No.ofOriginalB(s)/L）17．签单地点和日期（PlaceandDateofIssue）18．代表承运人签字（SignedfortheCarrier）区别四、B/L与D/O的区别B/L：BILLOFLADING提单，是货物的物权凭证。D/O：DELIVERYORDER提货单，是目的港口提取货物时需要的凭证，不可以转让.货物上船之后，由船公司签发B/L给SHIPPER，SHIPPER将B/L转给CONSIGNEE，货物到达港口，CONSIGNEE凭B/L去船公司换取D/O，凭D/O去港口提货。二者在货物提取之前有且只有一个留在货主手里，只不过D/O不再是物权凭证，货主领取D/O之后，说明船公司已经把货物放给货主了。BillofLading-IntroductionWhendiscussingBillsofLading,wemustdistinguishbetweenacarrierB/L(B/L)andaHouseB/L(HBL).PleaseseeseparatechapterforHBL.InMaerskLogistics,wedonotissuecarrierBillsofLading.OnlyOceanCarriers(alsoknownasVOCCsorshippinglines)canissueacarrierB/L.Intheolddays,theBillofLadingwasadocumentissuedbythecaptainofthevesselforgoodscarriedonboardhisvessel.Thisisnotpracticaltodaywhereinsteadthedocumentisissuedbyanagentactingonbehalfofthecaptain.MaerskSealand’sofficesaroundtheworldhavebeenempoweredtosignBillsofLadingonbehalfof“thecaptain”(theprincipalcarrier).BillofLading-IssuingPartyTheB/Lisissuedbyanoceancarrier,alsoknownasaVOCC（船公司，有船公共承运人）(vessel-operatingcommoncarrier)orshippingline（航运公司）.MaerskSealand（马士基海陆有限公司）,beingaVOCC,issuesBs/Lforgoodsshippedonboardtheirvessels.BillofLading–FunctionsBasically,aBillofLadinghas3functions:1.Areceipt（收据）forthecargo2.Adocumentoftitle3.Evidenceofacontractofcarriage1.ReceiptforcargoTheB/Lisareceiptbythecarrierthatthegoodsareinhiscustody（保管）.TheB/Lactsasareceiptbetweentheshipperandthecarrieruntilsuchtimeastitlehasbeenpassedtoathirdparty(theconsignee).Thenitbecomesanindependentcontractbetweenthecarrierandthethirdparty.ThethirdB/L3partyassumes（接管，承担）therights,responsibilitiesandobligationsidentical（同一的，完全相同的）tothoseoftheshipper.2.EvidenceofcontractofcarriageItiscommontoheartheB/Lreferredtoasthe‘contractofcarriage’.However,thecontractofcarriageisalwaystheunderlying（基本的）agreementbetweenthecarrierandthecustomertocarryhisgoods.TheB/Lismerelyevidenceofthis.TheB/Levidencesacontractofcarriagebetweentheoceancarrierandtheshipper/consigneeintheB/L.Alsosee:EvidenceofcontractofcarriageintheGlossary（词汇表）.3.DocumentofTitle（物权凭证，所有权凭证）AB/LisaDocumentofTitle.Thismeansthatthelegalright(thetitle)tothegoodscoveredbytheB/Lcanpassfromonepartytoanotherbymeansofendorsements（背书）(pleaseseeexplanationbelow).Thecarrierwillonlyreleasethegoodsatdestinationtoarightfulholderofadulyendorsed（提单可以适当背书）originalBillofLading.AtthetimetheB/Lisissued,theshipperwilladvisethecarrierwhotheB/Lshouldbeconsigned（交付）to-I.e.whotheConsigneeontheB/Lis.TheshippercanchoosetoconsigntheB/Lindifferentways:a.Fullnameandaddressofanindividualorcompanyb.“TOORDER”(ofshipper)c.“TOORDEROF[bank]”-example:ToorderofDubaiBankd.“TOORDEROF[company]”-example:ToorderofToyTraderLtd.e.“TOORDEROF[individual]”-example:ToorderofGaryJensen,Street,City“Toorder”meansthatthepartycantransfertheirrightsasconsigneetoanotherpartybyendorsingtheB/L.3a.EndorsementAnendorsementisasignature(andcompanystamp)ontheB/L(andpreferablyalsoaclearwrittenstatementthattheB/Lisbeingendorsedto“CompanyXYZ”).TheendorsementiswrittenontheoriginalB/LdocumentbythepartywhoisshownastheconsigneeontheB/Lbutnowwishestotransferthisrighttoanotherparty.WhenobtainingtheendorsedB/L,thenewconsigneenowassumesallrights,obligationsandresponsibilitiesthatwerepreviouslyvestedinthefirstconsignee.ThisalsoincludestherighttotransfertheB/LtoyetanotherpartybyaddinganewendorsementontheB/Ldocument.Inthisway,achainofendorsementsmaytakeplace.TheOceanCarrier（海运承运人）willchecktheendorsementsontheoriginalB/Ldocumentbeforereleasingthegoodsatdestination.Asyoucansee,itisnotalwaysthefirstconsignee(asprintedontheB/Lwhenitwasissued)thatactuallytakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.BecauseofthisfunctionadDocumentofTitle,aB/Lisoftenreferredtoasa“negotiable”（可转让的）documentbut“transferable”isactuallythemorecorrectterm.BillofLading-OriginalsandCopiesThefactthatthecarrierB/LfunctionsasDocumentofTitleplacesgreatimportanceontheB/Ldocument.Allpartiesinvolved(shipper,consigneeandcarrier)relyonthedocumenttodecidewhocantakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.B/L4ThecarrierwillnormallyprintaB/Ldocumentin3originalsandareasonablenumberofcopies.ItisonlyanOriginalB/Ldocumentthatcanbetransferredtoanotherparty.Thecopiesmaybepre-prin