高中英语非谓语动词讲解(共61张PPT)

非谓语动词的概念在句子中不能独立作谓语，只能作其他成分（主语，宾语，主补，宾补，表语，状语等）的动词，叫做非谓语动词。否定形式：在其前加not（not+非谓语动词）非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式：to+动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）动词+doing介词+doingdoing动名词喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事spend...doingsth.花费…做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做…imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事missdoingsth.错过做某事suggestdoingsth.建议做某事keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）介词+doing常考介词:at,in,onof,off,for,fromup,about,withoutto等等begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣insistondoing坚持做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事putoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事withoutdoingsth.没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样?此to非彼to（to为介词）lookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth（宁愿做某事而不愿做某事）devotetodoingsth（致力于）小试牛刀1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy_____abouttheInternet.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned2.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_____thedoor?-______.Pleasedoit.A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;OfcourseD.toopen;Goodidea3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_____untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying4.-Areyouenjoying_____inNingbo?-Yes,weare.Verymuch.A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived5．Wecouldn’thelp_____afterweheardthefunnystoryA.tolaughB.laughingC.laughedD.tobelaughedCBDBB动词不定式:肯定式:todo否定式:nottodo（省略to的形式:do）动词不定式（1）基本形式：不定式to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以省略to）只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事decidetodosth.决定做某事want∕wouldliketodosth.想要做某事plantodosth.计划做某needtodosth.需要做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事affordtodo能做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事makeupone’smindtodo下决心做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事failtodo未能做某事接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助请求与命令asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事想要邀请期待鼓励与建议wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事答应告诫允许提醒和帮助promisesb.todo答应某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.告诫某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事省略to的情况:使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,noticehadbetter（not）dosth.最好(不)做…whynot/whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做…?helpsb.（to）dosthWouldratherdosth宁愿做…wouldyouplease情态动词+do助动词（will）+do区分下列词组:seesb.doing/dosth.hearsb.doing/dosth.watchsb.doing/dosth.noticesb.doing/dosth.感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel+do（强调动作已经结束或将来的动作，经常性的动作）+doing（强调动作正在发生或进行）注意：被动语态中不能省去to。动词不定式(2)用法：A、作主语，如：Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.（不定式短语作主语）=It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用It作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词be外，动词take也常用于上述结构。B、作表语，如：MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英语。注：如果在主语中含有do实意动词的形式，作表语的动词不定式要省去to,否则不省。WhatIwanttodobestisgotoHongKong.(go前省略了to)动词不定式C、作宾语IwanttolearnFrench.我想学法语。Shedecidedtogoabroad.她决定出国。.同意提出做计划agree,offer,intend,plan要求答应来帮忙demand,ask（要求）,promise,help准备决定遭拒绝prepare,decide,refuse敢于选择有希望dare,choose,wish,hope,want,expect不能做到莫假装fail（未能做）,pretend设法做成决心坚manage（设法做成了）,determineIdon’tknowwhattodo.只能跟不定式（todo）作宾语的常见动词有：另外：动词+特殊疑问词+todo，例如：动词不定式D、作宾补动词+宾语+宾补（todo）动词+宾语+doLiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有tell.wish,ask,want,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise等。(省to的不定式作宾补)注：常用的动词是：“一感二听三让四看见”感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,watch,notice,lookat；使役动词have,make,let.E、作状语可以表结果、原因、目的、条件。如：Shewenttoseeadoctor.她去看医生了。（目的）Heismadtohearthenews.他听到这消息疯了。（原因）Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.这男孩还不到上学年龄。（结果）Tostudyhard,you’llmakegoodprogress.努力学习，就会取得好成绩。（条件）动词不定式F、作定语（必须后置）如：Hehasnothingtodo.他无事可做。There’snotimetothinkaboutit.没有时间考虑此事。注意：不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓/动宾。如：Heisthelastmantoleave.他是最后一个离开的人。（主谓关系）Shesaidshehadalotofworktodo.她说她有许多工作要做。（动宾关系）注意：不定式作定语若是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式是不及物动词的话，后应跟着一个相应的介词，但如果被修饰的是place、time、way就除外。如：Wemustrentahousetolivein.Thatisaverygoodplacetolive.在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！1、“一感二听三让四看见”，要用省to的不定式作宾补,但变为被动句时，要加上to,如（feel,hear,listento,see,watch,notice,lookat,have,make,let）e.g.1）Wehearhimsinginthenextroom.Heisheardtosinginthenextroom.2、动词不定式的否定形式为：not+todoMr.Smithaskedtheboy___________(notplay)thiskindofgame.nottoplayPleasehavehim__________(notdo)somuchhousework.notdo牛刀小试1.Mymotheroftenasksme_____somecleaningonSundaysAdoB.doesC.didD.todo2.–DoyouoftenhearJohn_____inhisroom?–Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing,tosingB.sing,singC.sing,singingD.tosing,singing3.Iwatchedher______inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancingB.todanceC.dancesD.dance4.Let’s______swimmingaftertheexam.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went5.You’dbetter_______abus.A.tocatchB.catchC.catchesD.catchingDCAAB特殊词精讲:tododoingrememberforget要去做已做过stopgoon两件事一件事likehatelove一次性经常性习惯try尽力做尝试做Start，begin一样一样stopdoing/todosth.stoptodo停下来去做另一件事，stopdoing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。Theystoptosmoke.停止扔垃圾Pleasestopthrowingrubbish.forgettodo忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作）Thelightintheofficeisstillon，heforgottoturnitoff.（没关灯）Hefo