六大从句用法总结

六大从句用法总结2016/6/16主语从句1宾语从句2表语从句3同位语从句4定语从句5状语从句6目录主语从句•1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。*Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...*Itissaid\reported\estimated\hasbeenprovedthat...It（形式主语）issaid（谓语）that｛comicbooks（主）create（谓）aconnection（宾）betweenpeopleofthesamegeneration（宾补）｝.（整个句子为真正的主语）主语从句page1主语从句•Itseemsthat｛theperformanceisveryuseful｝.•2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语.｛Whatwelack｝isexperience.•3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序.｛Howtheplanistobecarriedout｝shouldbediscussedagain.主语从句page2宾语从句•1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后.连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句.inthat(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是）已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句.*Ipromised｛thatIwouldchangethesituation｝.*Allthisisdifferentfrom｛whatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship｝.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexcept｛thatitisabittoolong｝.宾语从句page1表语从句•表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中.表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,asif(though)等引导.that常可省略.如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.*Perhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberis｛thatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica｝.*Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereis（why引导的同位语）｛thattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies｝.*Itlooks｛asifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller｝.表语从句page1同位语从句•同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导.常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后.*Shefinallymadethedecision｛thatshewouldjointhefashionshow｝.*Ihadnoidea｛howmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime｝.*Thenewscame｛thattheirteamhadwonthechampionship｝（谓语较短，将同位语从句放置在谓语之后）.同位语从句page1定语从句•定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子.定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导.•限制性定语从句•非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响.不可用that引导非限制性定语从句.关系词不可省略.定语从句page1定语从句•限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整.引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等.who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中.关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等.定语从句page2定语从句*Thecomputersandcables｛whichmakeuptheInternet｝areownedbypeopleandorganizations.*Those｛wholivealoneorwhoaresick｝mayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.*Thegirl｛whoseparentsdiedinanaccident｝islivingwithhergrandmother.定语从句page3定语从句1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句.*Thatisall｛thatI'veheardfromhim｝.*He'sthefirstperson｛thatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon｝.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略.关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略.定语从句page4定语从句*Thisisoneofthosethings｛withwhichwehavetoputup｝.*Thisisoneofthosethings｛(which\that)wehavetoputupwith｝.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等.关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构.*Evenincomicbooks｛where(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings｝.*Nooneknowsthereason｛why(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday｝.定语从句page5定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响.不可用that引导非限制性定语从句.关系词不可省略.*Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,｛whichisratherlikemagnetism｝.“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配.*Thisisthecomputer｛onwhichhespentallhissavings｝.*Itiswrittenbyaperson｛withwhomweareallfamiliar｝.定语从句page6定语从句as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词.as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间.*Thesearenotsuchproblems｛ascanbeeasilysolved｝.(as代替先行词problems)｛Asismentionedabove｝(as代替主语),nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrol｛whathappensontheInternet｝(宾语从句).定语从句page7状语从句时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等.*Wehavelearntquitealotaboutit｛sincewecamehere｝.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等.*｛AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage｝,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.*｛Themomentheheardthegoodnews｝,hejumpedwithjoy.状语从句page1状语从句地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.*｛Wherevershewent｝,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等.｛Consideringthatheisafreshman｝,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等.MickeyMouseissoattractive｛thatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave｝.状语从句page2状语从句3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词.*Wegotupearlythismorning｛sothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation｝.条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等.*｛Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment｝,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.状语从句page3状语从句2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等.though,evenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义.其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”.*｛No