隧道外文文献与翻译

附录二外文参考文献及翻译NATMtunneldesignprincipleintheconstructionofmajorandConstructionTechnologyW.BroereI.TheNATMDesignPrinciple1.TunneldesignandconstructionoftwomajortheoreticalanddevelopmentprocessSincethe20thcentury,humanspaceonthegroundfloorofthegrowingdemand,thustheundergroundworksofthestudyofarapiddevelopment.Inalargenumberofundergroundengineeringpractice,itisgenerallyrecognizedthatthetunnelandundergroundcavernproject,thecoreoftheproblem,allupintheexcavationandretainingtwokeyprocesses.Howexcavation,itwillbemoreconducivetothestabilityandcavernfacilitatesupport:Formoresupport,Supportinghowtheycanmoreeffectivelyensurestabilityandfacilitatethecavernexcavation.Thisisthetunnelsandundergroundworkstwopromoteeachotherandcheckeachother'sproblems.Tunnelsandundergroundcaverns,andfocusingonthecoreissueswiththeabovepracticeandresearch,indifferentperiods,Peopleofdifferenttheoriesandgraduallyestablishedasystemofdifferenttheories,Eachsystemincludestheoryandresolve(orarestudyingtheresolution)fromtheworksofunderstanding(concept),mechanics,engineeringmeasurestotheconstructionmethods(Technology),aseriesofengineeringproblems.Atheoryofthe20thcenturythe1920sthetraditionalloadrelaxationtheory.Itscorecontentis:astablerockself-stability,noload:unstablerockmayhavecollapsed.needshoringstructuretobesupported.Thus,theroleofthesupportingstructureoftherockloadiswithinacertainrangemaybeduetorelaxationandcollapseofrockgravity.Thisisatraditionaltheory,andtheirrepresentativeisTaishajiandPrincipe'sandothers.Itworkssimilartothesurfaceissuesofthethinkingisstillwidelyusedto.Anothertheoryofthe20thcenturymadethe1950sthemoderntheoryoftimberingorrockforthetheory.Itscorecontentis:rockstabilityisclearlybearingrocktotheirownself-stability:unstablerocklossofstabilityisaprocess,andifthisprocessinprovidingthenecessaryhelporrestrictionswillstillbeabletoentertherocksteadystate.ThistheoreticalsystemofrepresentativecharactersLabuxiweici,Miller-Feiqieer,Fenner-DaluoboandKashitenaiothers.Thisisamoremoderntheory,itisalreadyoutofthegroundworkstoconsidertheideas,andundergroundworksclosertoreality,thepast50yearshasbeenwidelyacceptedandapplied.demonstratedbroaddevelopmentprospects.Canbeseenfromtheabove,theformertheorymoreattentiontothefindingsandtheresultsoftreatment:Thelattertheoryisevenmoreattentiontotheprocessandthecontroloftheprocess,rightfromtherockforthefullutilizationofcapacity.Giventhisdistinction,whichboththeoryandmethodsintheprocess,eachwithdifferentperformancecharacteristics.NATMtheoryisrockforthetunnelengineeringpracticeintherepresentationmethod.2.NATMNATMthatthenewAustrianTunnelingMethodshorttheoriginalisinNewAustrianTunnelingMethod,referredtoastheNATM.Francesaiditconvergenceboundorsomecountriesallegedtoobservethedynamicdesignandconstructionofthebasicprinciples.NATMconceptoffilibusteringXiweiciAustriascholarsinthe20thcentury,Professorageof50.Itwasbasedontheexperienceofboththetunnelandrockmechanicstheory,willboltandshotcretecombinationasamajormeansofsupportingaconstructionmethod,Austria,Sweden,Italyandothercountries,manypracticalandtheoreticalstudyinthe1960sandpatentedofficiallynamed.FollowingthisapproachinWesternEurope,Scandinavia,theUnitedStatesandJapanandmanyotherundergroundworkswithaveryrapiddevelopment,havebecomemoderntunnelsnewtechnologieslandmark.Nearly40yearsago,therailwaysectorthroughresearch,design,constructioncombining,inmanyconstructionofthetunnel,accordingtotheirowncharacteristicssuccessfullyappliedanewAustrianlaw,mademoreexperience,haveaccumulatedlargeamountsofdata,Thisistheapplicationstage.However,intheroadsectorNATMofonly50%.Currently,theNewAustrianTunnelingMethodalmostbecomeweakandbrokenrocksectionofatunnelconstructionmethod,technicalandeconomicbenefitsareclear.NATMthebasicpointscanbesummarizedasfollows:（1）.Rocktunnelstructureisthemainloadingunit,theconstructionmustfullyprotecttherock,itminimizethedisturbancetoavoidexcessivedamagetotheintensityofrock.Tothisend,theconstructionofsub-sectionshouldnotblocktoomuch,excavationshouldbeusedsmoothblasting,presplitblastingormechanicaltunneling.（2）.Inordertogivefullplaytorockthecarryingcapacityshouldbeallowedtocontrolandrockdeformation.Whileallowingdeformation,whichcanbearockbearingring;Theotherhand,havetolimitit,Rockisnotsolaxandexcessivelossorgreatlyreducedcarryingcapacity.Duringconstructionshouldbeusedwithrockcloseto,thetimelybuildingpuzzlekeepsstrengtheningFlexiblesupportstructure,suchasboltingandshotcretingsupporting.Thisadjustmentwillbeadoptedsupportingstructuralstrength,Stiffnessanditsparticipationintheworkofthetime(includingtheclosureoftime)tocontrolthedeformationoftherockmass.（3）.Inordertoimprovethesupportstructure,themechanicalproperties,theconstructionshouldbeclosedassoonaspossible,andtobecomeaclosedcylindricalstructure.Inaddition,thetunnelshapewitharoundshould,asfaraspossible,toavoidthecornerofthestressconcentration.（4）.Constructionrightthroughtherockandsupportingthedynamicobservation,measurement,andreasonablearrangementsfortheconstructionprocedures,changesinthedesignandconstructionmanagemento