hiroshima-the-liveliest-city-in-japan

AdvancedEnglishBookOneLessonTwoHiroshima–the“Liveliest”CityinJapanLead-inQuestions1.What’syourimpressionofJapan?DoyouknowanythingaboutHiroshima?2.DoyouknowthebombardmentchargedinHiroshima?Tellussomethingaboutit.I.BackgroundInformation(Note1)•WhereisHiroshima?HiroshimaliesonthedeltaattheheadofHiroshimaBay,anarmoftheInlandSea.ItisthecapitalHiroshimaprefectureandthechiefindustrialandpopulationcenteroftheChugokuregion.Hiroshima:locationAboutthecity•Hiroshimabeganasasettlementaroundacattlebuiltin1593bythefeudallordTerumotoMori.ThecastletookthenameHiroshima(BroadIsland)fromitslocationintheOtaRiverdelta.Intime,bridgesprovidedaccesstothedelta,andtodaymorethan80ofthemconnectthecity’ssixdeltaislandswithoneanotherandwiththemainland.Aboutthecity•HiroshimaowesitsearlydevelopmenttoitspositiononthekeylandandwaterroutesbetweencentralHonshuandtheislandofKyushu.TheAsantofamily,whocontrolledtheHiroshimaareathroughoutmostoftheTokugawaperiod,(1603-1867)promotedthecity’stradeandencouragedtheestablishmentofindustriesAboutthecity•AftertheMeijiRestoration(1868),Hiroshimaexpandedasamoderntransportationandindustrialcenter.Majorportfacilitieswerecompletedby1889,andfiveyearslater,thecitywaslinkedwithKobeandShimonosekibyrail.CoalfromnorthernKyushuandfromforeignsourcessuppliedHiroshima’sironandsteelindustry,whoseproductsinturnwereutilizedinagrowingengineeringindustry,notablyinshipbuildingandthemanufactureofcarsandtrucks.Rayonandpaperweremanufacturedfromlocaltimber.ThemodernHiroshimaThePeaceParkHiroshimaportandferryterminalHiroshimaPeaceMemorialMuseumAboutthecity•BythebeginningofWorldWarII,Hiroshimawasthe7thlargestcityinJapan,withapopulationof350,000.Duringthewar,itwasaregionalarmyheadquartersaswellasamajorrailcenterandproducerofwarmaterials.Bombardment:Hiroshima•At8:15a.m.onAugust6,1945,thefirstatomicbombwasexplodedoverapointnearthecentreofHiroshimadestroyingalmosteverythingwithinaradiusof6,000to8,000feet(1,830-2,450meters).Thedamagebeyondthisareawasconsiderable,andover71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Survivorsarestilldyingofleukemia,（白血病）perniciousanemia,（恶性贫血症）andotherdiseasesinducedbyradiation.Almost98%ofthebuildingsweredestroyedorseverelydamaged.Thefirstatomicbomb：LittleBoyTheruinsoftheatomicbombAtomiccloudoverHiroshima2ndBombardment:Nagasaki（日本长崎市）Mushroomcloudassociatedwithnuclearexplosions（FatMan）PicturetakenoftheatomicbombingofNagasakionAugust9,1945,caused23750peopledead,43020woundedTherelicsofthebombThevictimsofthebombAboutthecity•TheJapanesededicatedpost-warHiroshimatopeace.TheruinsoftheInstituteofIndustrialDevelopment,withitswarpeddome,werepreservedasasymboloftheterrorofdestruction.PeacePark,whichwaslaidoutnearby,includesacenotaphmemorializingthevictimsandamuseumhousingrelicsoftheholocaust.AspecialhospitalbuiltinHiroshimatreatspeoplesufferingfromexposuretoradiationandconductsresearchintoitseffects.Thecitynowisanimportantproducerofironandsteel,motorvehicles,tractors,ships,machinery,sewingneedles,paper,textiles,andfoodproducts.II.Aboutthetitle:Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapan•Whyistheword“liveliest”putinquotationmarks?•Toshowthatthisiswhatthecityissaidtobeandthewriterperhapsconsidersitironictousetheword“liveliest”todescribeacitythathadbeenatomized.•What’sthetypeofthewriting?•Afeaturestory,oratypeofjournalisticwriting.(Aidstocomprehension,Page27)III.StructuralAnalysisTwoPartsPartI:(Para.1-27)Thewriter’sarrivalatHiroshimaandthereceptionbythecitymayorSection1:(Para.1-2)ThearrivalandhisemotionsandwhatthewritersawatthestationSection2(Para.3-7)WaytoCityHallSection3(Para.8-27)MeetingtheMayorPartII:(Para.28-39)HisvisittothespecialHospital(atomicward)Detailedstudyofthetext:•PartOne:Section1:Comprehensivequestions•Canyouguessthewriter’soccupation,andperhaps,hisnationality?•Yes,thewritermustbeanAmericanjournalistorreporter.•Whatdoyouthinkwastheaimofthevisit?•ThewriterwasinvitedbythemayorinresponsetohisrequestforaninterviewtogatherinformationaboutHiroshimatoday.Comprehensivequestionstothetext•WhatinformationisprovidedinParagraphOne?•First,theauthorwashereonareportorialmission;second,Hiroshimawasnottheauthor’sfirstassignment;third,hewaspreoccupiedwithsomesadthoughts–thecrimeoftheA-bomb.Hewastorturedbyaguiltyconscience;thelast,hedidn’tunderstandJapanese.Questionsfortheunderstandingofthetext1.WhatwastheJapanesestationmastersaying?2.HowdidhegettoHiroshima?3.Whatwasweighingheavilyonhismind?4.WhydidhecallhistriptoHiroshimaafargreatadventure?5.Howwastheauthorfeelingafterhisarrival?6.Whatcaused“alump”inhisthroat?Comprehensivequestionstothetext•WasHiroshimainanywaydifferentfromotherJapanesecities?•Yes,itwasdifferentfromotherJapanesecitiesinthatitwasdestroyedbyanatomicbombonAugust6,1945.•Howhasthecitybeenrebuiltsincethen?•Sincethen,ithasbeenrebuiltwithhardworkandwiththehelpofeducation,scienceandtechnology.Thecitynowisanimportantproducerofironandsteel,motorvehicles,tractors,ships,machinery,sewingneedles,paper,textiles,andfoodproducts.PartOne:usefulexpressions•Everybodyoff:Everybodysho