土木工程专业英语期末复习题

《专业英语》复习题一、选择题1.civilengineeringdealtwithpermanentstructuresfor(civilian)use,whereasmilitaryengineeringdealtwithtemporarystructuresformilitaryuse2.attentionmust(bepaidto)theworkingtemperatureofthemachine.3.diplomaticrelations(havebeenestablished)betweenchinaandtheunitedstatesofAmerica4.adirectcurrentisacurrent(flowing)alwaysinthesamedirection.5.it’sourdutyto(complywith)thespecification.6.doseyourshop(supply)rebar?7.neitherInorhe(is)fondofmusic.8.the(above-mentioned)cements(水泥)arewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.9.theproductionofsteelhasbeenincreased(by)70%.10.ifthegardenisbig,somefloodlightscanbe(installed).11.(wherever)yougo,youcanseemanybuildings.12.dams,(bridge),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether.13.thebiggerquantityyouorder,(theloweruntilcostyouwillbeoffered).14.inmodernroadconstructions,powerfulmodernmachinesareemployedtomovemountainsandfillvalleystomakethe(surfaces)asdirectaspossible.15.besidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe(durable).16.tensilefailureof(reinforced)concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.17.concreteis(inherently)aporousmaterial(多孔材料)18.–mayIuseyourbikeforamoment?--(byallmeans)(一定，务必)19.conclusionscanbe(drawn)fromtheabovediscussion.20.it’sasmallcountry,yethasalotof(potential)resources.21.aperson’scalorierequirementsvary(throughout)22.thereisacomputersyetem(withwhich)thecompanyisexperiencingproblems.23.usuallythereis(less)trafficinthestreetsonweekdaythanonSundays.24.Thethieftriedtoopenthelockeddoorbut(invain)25.crackswouldnotonlybeunsightlybutwould(expose)thesteelbarstocorrosionbymoistureandotherchemicalaction.26.(havingpacked)theirluggage,thetouristshurriedtotheairport.27.generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould(leadto)considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.28.”youareveryselfish,it’shightimeyou(realized)thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.29.(evenif)thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludeallvariablesandmodeledaccurately.30.rememberthatcustomersdon’t(bargain)aboutpricesinthecity.二、词组互译1.tensilestrength抗拉强度：2.compressivestrength抗压强度3.constructionengineering建筑工程4.reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土5.rawmaterial原材料6.civilengineers土木工程师7.assemblagetechnology装配技术8.simplysupportedbeam简支梁9.continuousbeam连续梁10.framingmember框架构件11.bendingstrength抗弯强度12.shearingstrength抗剪强度13.billofquantities工程量清单14.estimatedcost预算成本15.thecolumn-diagonaltrusstube对顶柱桁架筒体16.cashflow现金流动17.three-dimensional三维的18.Englishforspecializedscienceandtechnology专业外语19.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程20.foundationsettlement地基沉降21.fundamentalassumption基本假设22.bendingmoment弯曲力矩23.shearstress剪应力，剪切应力24.normalstress正应力，法向应力25.onschedule按时26.beinequilibriumwith与···平衡27.horizontalplane水平面28.verticalplane垂直面29.soilmechanics土力学30.aerialphotographs航空摄影31.sanitaryengineering卫生工程32.detrimentalagents有害因素33.jointaction联合作用34.deformedbars变形钢筋35.currentsituation(presentsituation)现状36.positivesequence正序37.negativesequence逆序（负序）38.fabricationplant加工厂（加工设备）39.financialbudget财政预算40.divideby除以41.inchargeof负责（主管）42.takeaccountof考虑到，顾及43.spectacularachievements惊人的成就44.ultrahigh-risebuildings超高层建筑45.terminatecontract解除合同（终止合同）46.spandrelbeams外墙托梁47.encroachon侵占，蚕食48.intersectsurfaces相交曲面49.bundled-tubestructures束筒结构50.takedeliveryof取货，提货三、翻译句子1.Thetermcivilengineeringoriginallycameintousetodistinguishitfrommilitaryengineering.土木工程这个术语起初是用来与军事工程相区别的，土木工程处理的是民用的永久性建筑结构，而军事工程则是主要负责处理临时性的军用建筑。2.Greaterheightentailsincreasedcolumnandbeamsizestomakebuildingsmorerigidsothatunderwindloadtheywillnotswaybeyondanacceptablelimit.更多的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更强，以使它们在风荷载作用下在容许范围内摆动。3.Structuralsystemsofreinforcedconcreteaswellassteel,takefulladvantageoftheinherentpotentialstiffnessofthetotalbuildingandthereforedonotrequireadditionalstiffeningtolimitthesway.钢筋混凝土个钢结构系统充分利用了整个建筑的固有的潜在的刚度，因此不需要额外的加强材料来限制倾斜。4.Thetubestructuralsystemwasdevelopedforimprovingtheresistancetolateralforcesandthecontrolofdriftinhigh-risebuilding.筒体结构体系的发展是为了提高高层建筑抵抗侧向力和飘移的能力。薄壳筒体使筒体结构体系又向前迈进了一步。5.Withthecontinuingneedforlargerandtallerbuildings,theframedtubeorthecolumn-diagonaltrusstablemaybeusedinabundledformtocreatelargertubeenvelopswhilemaintaininghighefficiency.随着对更大更高的建筑的持续要求，框筒或对顶柱桁架筒体可能被用在捆绑的形式以创作更大的筒体外壳，同时又保持了高效力。6.Theprinciplesoffluidmechanicscanbeappliedtodailylifeasinthecaseoftheplanes,themovementoffishinwater,andthecirculationofbloodintheveins.流体力学原理可以应用到日常生活中，如：飞行的飞机、鱼在水中的游动及血管中的血液循环等情况。7.Anthropogenicorhuman-inducedpollutantshaveoverloadthesystem.人类或人类的活动引起的污染物已经超过了生态系统的承受能力。8.Theroleofanenvironmentalengineeristobuildabridgebetweenbiologyandtechnologybyapplyingallthetechniquestothejobofcleaningthedebris.环境工程师的作用是，通过将各种技术应用于垃圾清理的工作中，从而在生物与技术之间建造一座桥梁。9.Surveyingisdefinedanartofcollectingdataformappingtherelativepositionsofpointsonthesurfaceofearthinahorizontalplane.测量是指为收集数据，以便在水平面内画出地球表面点的位置图的一种技术。10.Theengineeringmarvelsoftheworld,startingfromthepyramidstotodaysthinshellstructures,aretheresultsofdevelopmentincivilengineering.11.As