最新高考英语专题解析课件-阅读理解[说明文]教研课

•结构复杂•专业术语多•生词多•解释性、定义性句子多说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理,给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物的解说,或对抽象事理的阐释,使人们从而获得有关的知识。做好说明文阅读题，要注意以下几点：对“科普知识，动植物特征，自然现象，新产品，新工艺，新发明发现，人文地理，风土人情”等的介绍时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。who,what,when,where,how,why主要题材：说明顺序：主要方面：说明方法：为了把事物的本质特征说清楚,或者把事理阐述明白,常用下列说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。结构特点：说明文的大体结构有：(1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述(总—分—总)；(2)现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。语言特点：高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材,文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高,解题的难度相对较大，在高考阅读中多为最后一篇。阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意：(1)注意说明的顺序,了解文章的结构,把握文章的脉络。(2)在阅读过程中划出长难句的主干成分(主谓宾)、标出关键词、有的可边看边画草图或结构、流程图。•通读全文（留意首句和每段的topicsentence）•细读试题•题文对照•筛选答案说明文之细节理解题•列举处firstly,secondly,…•例证处forexample,as…•转折对比处however,but,unlike,notsomuch…as,…•复杂句中(1)短文略，见资料书P87A.helpstudentsgetahigh-paidjobB.helpstudentsworkinGoogleC.encouragestudentstogiveupscienceD.arousestudents’interestinliberalarts1.StanfordUniversityheldalectureofliteratureandphilosophyto___.1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第一句Seekingtore-arouseinterestintheliberalarts可知。A.aperiodwhensomethingbeginstobeaccepted.B.aperiodwhensomethingisout-dated.C.aperiodwhensomethingismostpopular.D.aperiodwhensomethingisreplacedbyanotherthing.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“heyday”mean(inpara.6)?2.C词义推测题。根据第六段morethan1in3Stanfordstudentsmajoredinlanguages,literature,thearts,history,culturalstudiesandphilosophy可知超过1/3的斯坦福学生主修人文学科,与现在10%的数据比较起来,那是个主修文科的鼎盛时期。A.Only10%ofuniversitystudentsmajorinthehumanities.B.Moreandmorestudentschoosescienceastheirmajor.C.MorestudentsstudythehumanitiesinStanfordthanotheruniversities.D.Thetrendofwhatmajortostudyhasneverchanged3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph7?3.B细节理解题。由第六段最后一句可知。A.Becausethehumanitiescan’thelpstudentsfindjobs.B.Becausestudentsnevercareaboutlifemeaning.C.Becausestudentsbelievesciencecanhelpthemgethigh-paidjobs.D.Becausethetuitionfeesofthehumanityeducationarehigher.4.Whydostudentsloseinterestinthehumanities?4.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段ButforstudentswhocameofageintheGreatRecession,thesirensongofsciencecanbetoughtoresist和最后一段Shakespearewasn’tinitforthemoney可知,学生选择理科是因为能找到赚钱的工作。A.Approving.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.5.WhatisSatz’sattitudetowardstheeducationofhumanities?5.A情感判断题。通过文章最后一段最后一句Butsheaddedhumanitiesstudentswhogoontograduateschoolandlandjobsintech’intensivefieldsdojustfine可知。The1,718incomingstudents—nearlyhalfofwhomarriveintendingtomajorinthesciencesorengineering—listenedtoalectureorganizedbytheCollegeofHumanitiesandArts,wherefamousauthorandphysicianAbrahamVerghesepraisedthemeaning,andopportunities,ofaliberalartseducation.【难句理解】结构分析:nearlyhalfofwhom引导一个定语从句,在这个定语从句中wherefamousauthorandphysicianAbrahamVerghesepraisedthemeaning,andopportunities,ofaliberalartseducation是从句中的另一个定语从句。汉语大意：1718个新入学的学生—其中半数都打算主修科学或者工程学—听了一个由人文艺术学院组织的讲座。在这个讲座中,作为作家和内科医生的AbrahamVerghese赞扬了文科教育的意义和机遇。outnumberv.数量上超过humanitystudents人文学科的学生comeofage成年,长大成人theGreatRecession(经济)大萧条时期【助读词汇】A.Touchingsomeone’sarmwhentalkingtohim.B.Sayinghellotosomebodywithawarmhug.C.Givingsomeoneagreetingwithkisses.D.Nottotouchsomeone’sarmwhenmeetinghim.6.Allthataren’tconsideredcoldinMediterraneancountriesarementionedEXCEPT____.6.D事实细节题。从文中第一段的第一句InMediterraneancountries,ifyoutrynottotouchsomeone’sarmwhentalkingtothemorifyoudon’tgreetthemwithkissesorawarmhug,you’llbeconsideredcold.可知答案应选D。(2)短文略，见资料书P88A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.7.HowmanyinadvisablebehaviorsinKoreanareclearlymentioned?7.B事实细节题。从文中第一段的第二句Butbackslapsomeonewhoisn’tafamilymemberoragoodfriendinKorea,andyou’llmakethemuncomfortable.与文章倒数第三段的第一句butfailtoremoveyourshoesbeforeenteringahomeinKorea,Hawaii,orthePacificIslandsandyou’llbeconsidereddisrespectful.可知文章中明确提到的有两处在韩国属于不得体的行为,因此答案应选B。A.Annoying.B.Miserable.C.Negative.D.Selfish.8.Whatdoes“disgusting”inpara.3referto?8.A词义猜测题。从文中第三段的第二句TheJapaneseandChinesealsodisliketheideaofahandkerchief.日本人和中国人也都不喜欢手绢,可知disgusting应与dislike是同一类型的意思,因此可知答案应选A。A.PuttingonclothesB.TalkingoverdinnerC.BlowingyournoseD.Touchingsomeone9.AllthefollowingculturalmistakesaredescribedEXCEPT___.9.A事实细节题。文中的第一、二段描述的内容是touchingsomeone;第三、四段描述的内容是blowingyournose;第五段描述的内容是talkingoverdinner;第六、七段描述的内容是takingoffyourshoesornot。puttingonclothes这一内容文中没提及，因此答案应选A。A.politicalsystemsB.historicaleventsC.worldcultureD.popularscience10.Thepassageislikelytobefoundinawebsiteabout____.10.C推理判断题。文章介绍了国外时要特别留心并尽量避免误入的几种文化陷阱。因此可判断出在网站的文化板块中可以阅读到这篇文章。Notonlydoesshoeremovalverypracticallykeepsandanddirtoutofthehouse,it’sasignofleavingtheoutsideworldbehind.结构分析：Notonly位于句首,其后接的句子要进行半倒装,而butalso后接的句子则保持正常语序。该句省略了butalso。这句话的正常语序为：Shoeremovalnotonlyverypracticallykeepssandanddirtoutofthehouse,(butalso)it’sasignofleavingtheoutsideworldbehind.【难句理解】汉语大意：脱掉鞋子不仅把沙粒与尘土留在了门外,更意味着把外面的世界拋之脑后。followsuit跟着做letalone更不用说sacredadj.神圣的uncivilizedadj.不文明的【助读词汇】A.climboveryourheadB.quitlookingforawayC.searchforanotherwayD.keepclimbingaround11.Ifyoutrytostopantsgoingforward,theywill___.11.C细节理解题。根据第二段的Ifthey’reheadedsomewhereandyoutrytostopthem;they’lllookforanotherway.可以推知,蚂蚁找其他路lookfor=searchfor。(3)短文略，见资料书P89A.Thinkwinterallsummer.B.Alwaysber