宋词发展介绍【英文】

SongLiterature:Cipoetry•Alsocalledlyricsong,lyricmeter;writtenforperformance•firstappearedinthelaterTang,probablyinthe8thcentury,•becamepopularintheSong;oftenreflecteddailylifeintheSong“BathingBabies,”Anonymous,Song,onsilkfan,FreerMuseum,USAInChinese,onedoesnotspeakofwritingcibutoffillinginci;thatis,fillinginlyricstoaknownmelody.Lyricsareidentifiedbythetitleofthetuneprefacedwithto”,e.g.,“Tothetuneof‘WashingCreekSand’.”Right:“EighteenScholars(intheTang),”anonymous,Song,NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,TaiwanCiPoetry:Characteristicslyricsongsbeforethe11thcenturyAuthoredbymenbutperformedbyhiredwomensingersatpartiesAsituationofmenwritingwords,ofteninthevoicesofwomen,tobesungbacktothem.treatedeventsintheirdailylives,oftenemotional“EntertainingKidswiththeatricalperformance”bySuHanchen,SongNature:•Apoetryofelegance,languorandsentimentality--regardedasthemostrefinedofallChineseliteraryforms,theonlyonecapableofarticulatingmelancholyandacertainkindoferotica.•Songauthorsbroadenedthecontentofci,usingittonarrateeventsincontemporaryurbanlifeStructure:•hastunepatterns,amatrixcontainingasetnumberoflinesofgivenlength,rhymesinfixedpositions,andtonalrequirementsatcertainpositionsineachlines•Linesofvaryinglength:tofittheirregular,melodicpatternFamousCiPoetsbeforetheSongWenTingyun(812-872)ProbablythebestofthecipoetsintheTang,whoinspiredmanySongciwriters.WeiZhuang(836-910)ProbablythebestcipoetintheendoftheTangdynastyExamplesoftunepatterns•“TheMoonovertheWestRiver”(西江月xījiāngyuè)•“WindthroughPines”(風入松fēngrùsōng)•“Deva-likeBarbarian”(BodhisattvaBarbarian)(菩薩蠻púsàmán)•“TellingtheInnerMostFeelings”(訴衷情sùzhōngqíng)•“SongofPickingMulberry”(採桑子căisāngzi)•“JoyofEternalUnion”(永遇樂yǒngyùlè)•“DreamingoftheSouth”(望江南wàngjiāngnán)•“Lotus-leafCup”(荷葉杯héyèbēi)TotheTune“WestoftheLittleMarket”byLiuYongI’mthinkingofsomeoneSweetface,justsixteenBornbeautiful—Shehasgottobeaminx.WheresheismostremarkableIswhenshelaughsandherdimplesshow.Shehasahundredwaysandathousandcharms,AndthemoreyouembraceherThemoresweetandslipperyshegetsTotheTune“WestoftheLittleMarket”byLiuYong(Con’t)I’veneglectedheralongtime.LastnightinadreamWemadeloveLikeoldtimes.ThenjustwhenIwashappyThecocknextdoorwokemeup.EverythingwasquietButIcouldnotgetbacktosleep;Thesettingmoonoutsidemywindowwaswasted.ByWangShen,Song“WomenandMorningMirror”OnsilkWomanpoet:LiQingzhao(ca.1084?-1151)•ThegreatestwomanpoetofSongtimesandperhapsinallofChinesehistory•Notonlyapoet,butalsoaneruditescholar,connoisseur,bibliophile,collectorofantiques,…•Herpoemsarecharacterizedbytheuseofonomatopoeticexpressions.TotheTuneof“EverySoundSlowly”byLiQingzhaoSearch.Search.Seek.Seek.Cold.Cold.Clear.Clear.Sorrow.Sorrow.Pain.Pain.Pity.Pity.Timesofhotflashesandsuddenchills.It’shardtocometorest.Threecups,twobowlsoftastelesswine,Howshouldhelateburstinlikeagustofwind?Wildgeesefly,wrenchingmyheart.Really,fromolddaysweknoweachother.LiQingzhao(con’t)Goldenflowerspileupontheground,Faded,dead.Whowouldpickthemnow?Allalone,waitingatmywindow,Howdoesitbecomedark?Thewutongtreeblenddrizzlingrain.Untilduskfalls.Drip.Drip.Drop.Drop.Thiscondition,canthemerewordmelancholysuffice?Tothetuneof“Deva-likeBarbarian”Blossombright,themoondark,shadowedinthinmist,Tonight’sjustrightformakingmywaytoyou---Instockingfeetshegoesoutbythescentedstairs,Holdinginherhandhergold-threadedslippersOnthesouthsideofthepaintedhallsheseeshim,Clingstohimforatime,trembling---It’ssohardformetoslipaway,[tonight]youmaylovemeanywayyouplease!SuShi(SuDongpo,1037-1101)ThebestoftheSongcipoetsBroughtcitoagreatheightandnewfrontierStyleisgenerallymasculineMostwidelyread:“SongofRiverCity,”“PreludetoWaterMusic,”“ImmortalattheRiver”“VillagePhysician,”byLiTang,SouthernSong,onsilk,NationalPalaceMusuem,Taipei,Taiwan“PreludetoWaterMusic”(水調頭歌)bySuShi(OnMid-autumnnightoftheyearbingchen(1076),Idrankmerrilyuntildawn,gotverydrunkandwrotethispoem,allthewhilethinkinglonginglyofZiyou.)Brightmoon,whendidyouappear?Liftingmywine,Iquestionthebluesky.TonightinthepalacesandhallsofheavenWhatyearisit,Iwonder?Iwouldliketoridethemoon,makemyhomethere,OnlyIfearinporphyrytowers,underjadeeaves,InthosehighplacesthecoldwouldbemorethanIcouldbear.SoIriseanddanceandplaywithyourpurebeams,Thoughthishumanworld—howcanitcomparewithyours?明月幾時有？把酒問青天。不知天上宮闕，今夕是何年？我欲乘風歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人間?CirclingmyredchamberLowinthecurtaineddoorYoulightmysleeplessness*Surelyyoubearusnoillwill—Whythenmustyoubesoroundattimeswhenwehumansareparted?Peoplehavetheirgrievesandjoys,theirjoiningsandseparations,themoonitsdarkandcleartimes,itsroundingsandwaning.Aseverinsuchmatters,thingsarehardlythewaywewish.Ionlyhopewemayhavelonglonglives,Maysharethemoon’sbeauty,thoughathousandmilesapart.轉朱閣，低綺戶，照無眠。不應有恨，何事長向別時圓？人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺，此事古難全。但願人長久，千里共長嬋娟。LuYou(1125-1210)MostprolificpoetinChinesehistory;leftbehindnearlytenthousandpoemsinhiscollectionNotedforhispassionatepatriotism“PhoenixHairpin”XinQiji(1140-1207)MostprolificSongauthoroflyrics;626surviveLyricsshowpassionandadvocacyofpatriotismTendedtodivorce