高中英语词根词缀总结

前缀：pre-,post-,inter-,叫做前缀（prefix），是放到词根的前面，和词根结合起来构成一个派生词。prewarpostwarInterwar战前战后（两次战争之间）拆字Pre+warPost+warInter+war词源（拉）（条顿语）（拉）（条顿语）（拉）（条顿语）PraewarPostwarInterwar(before)(after)(between)前战争后战争之间战争industrialindustrializeIndustrialization工业的工业化工业化（名词）拆字：Industry+alIndustry+al+izeIndustry+al+iz+tion工业的化Species种类Aspect方面Specimen样本Respect尊敬Specify明确，具体化Expect期望Special特殊Prospect展望Specialist专家Inspection检查Specialty专业perspective透视以上这些词中，都含有一个spec，源于（拉）specere，它的意思是“看”。其最早的来源还可以远溯至古印度的梵语spac,spek，意思都是“看”。换句话说，所有这些词，都是和“看”有关；也就是说，“看”spec乃是这些词的核心。用上面的话来说，是这些词的“词根”(root)，表示了这些词最基本，最本质的东西。如：unusUn-+iUni-（词干）（连接元音）（构词成分）Uni-+formUniform形式均一的，制服前缀意义造词举例Pre-Before在前Premedical医学预科Post-After在后Postgraduate研究生Super-Above在上Superconductivity超导性Infra-Below在下Infrared红外Inter-Between在之间Interaction相互作用前缀意义造词举例Hyper-Above在上Hypertension高血压Hypo-Below在下Hypodermic皮下Dia-Through穿过Diameter直径Anti-Against反Antibiotic抗生素Cata-Down下来Catalysis催化作用•例5：surprise使惊奇，被人抓住，而感到惊奇；惊奇地抓住他•古英语中有两个名词surprisesupprise都是由拉丁语sub=wunder和prensi=seize,grasp（抓住）构成的，表达在被抓着的场合下，被抓的人的心态surprised，而抓方所出现的吃惊心态，为astonished。•据说，美国大词汇家，韦伯斯特主编NoahWebster,有一天韦伯斯特偷情，他在餐厅里和女仆接吻，被他的夫人撞见。•夫人大喊道：“Ah,Noah,Ifellastonished!听到夫人的喊叫，Webster大吃一惊，慌忙地答道：•“Madaam,youfellastonished,andIfellsurprisedalso”.这儿的Surprised除了吃惊之外，还有当场被抓住的意思。•例6：disaster天灾，灾难dis（不正，偏离）+aster（星位）•当时希腊人认为，星位不正便是灾难。•Disastrous→灾难性的•Disastrously→灾难性地AncientModerncontemporaryFuture古代的现代的当代的未来的形容词词缀-able-y-ous-al/-ual/-cal-ive-ishacceptabletrickyreligiousspiritualpositivechildishusablewindyanxiouspracticalnegativeyellowishsensibleshinnynervousoriginalactivereddishremarkablemoodyambitiousmedicalsubjectiveselfishreasonablehandycuriousactualobjectiveavailableriskyregionalattractiveaccessiblerelationalmassiveunbearablecommercialpredictableresidential动词词缀-fyen-/-en-izesimplifyensuresoftenrealizebeautifyenrichstrengthengeneralizeclassifyenlargebrightenorganizeterrifyencouragethreatenstandardizeidentifyhardenjustifywidenbroaden名词词缀high-heightion/tion/ation-ship-ant-ist-ism-ce/-anceweigh-weightoperationfoundationchampionshipassistantspecialistmechanismevidentlong-lengthcommunicationorganizationfriendshipaccountantnovelistcubismevidencewide-widthtransportationaddictionleadershipparticipantracistsocialismimportantdeep-depthexplorationcivilizationcompanionshiphabitantcommunismimportanceproductiondistributionhardshipapplicantsexismacceptconnectionexpectationaccountantsymbolismacceptanceimaginationpossessionassistantmaterialismcircumstancedepressionintelligence-ty-th-dom-ment-nesspopularitygrowthwisdomappointmentbitternessrudenesscommunityfaithkingdomargumentpolitenessfearlessnessvarietytruthexperimentbrightnesshappinessdiversitystrengthkindnessendlessnesscuriositytensenessvastnessnervousnessbrightnessfairnesslivelinessable能…的-y多…的-ish有…性质的-al/-ual/-cal具有…性质的-ive具有…倾向的-fy使…,…化en-/-en使…-ize使…,…化ion/tion/ation动作或状态物或用品-ship关系，状态，身份-ant人，物，身份-ist人-ism状态，性质学术流派，主义，-ce/-ance状态，性质，状况-ty状态，性质，状况-th抽象名词-dom性质，领域-ment行为-ness性质，状态over-过度，过分re-回，重新post-/pre-后/前co-共同-hood时期，性质Inter-相互trans-越过，变换sub-下bi-/tri-二/三否定词缀un-dis-mis-in-ir-il--lessim-non--lessanti-uninvitedunnoticeddisusemistakeinexpensiveirregularillegalregardlessimpatiencenonsenserestlessanti-slaveryunrealunexpecteddisordermisunderstandincurableendlessimpatientnonexistentworthlessanti-warunthinkableuneartheddistrustmisconceptioninnocentdefenselessnon-verbaltirelessanti-AIDSunbearableunfolddisbeliefindifferentfearlessnon-frozenendlessuncertainunpackinexperiencedselflessunnaturaluncommoninjusticeuncirculatedunlimitedinvisibleindependent常见含义词缀over-re-post-towardpre-post-co--hoodauto-Inter-trans-sub-overbookreplacepostwarupwardpre-showpostwarco-workermotherhoodautomotiveinterviewtransparentsubconsciouslyoverminerestartdownwardpredictcooperatedaughterhoodinteracttranslatesubwayoverworkrepeatforwardpreviousco-writerchildhoodinternettransformsubtitleoverhearreunitebackwardpredictco-ownerneighborhoodinternationaltransportoverlookrepayafterwardprepareoverreactredirectprecaution预防措施overestimateretrace追溯overcrowdedredecorationovercoatmicro--mate-ianbi-tri-multi--some-ful-achemicrowaveclassmateMusicianbilingualtricyclemulti-culturalhandsomepainfultoothacheMicrosoftroommatePedestrianbicycletriangletiresomehandfulplaymatehistoriantroublesomemouthful部分合成词workforcebelt-tightenearplugdishwasherworldwideshortcomingssuperherocrystal-clearhand-mademake-upSmartphoneplaymatedrawbacktrustworthywin-winsuitcase