浅谈哈姆雷特的延迟

2009届本科毕业论文浅析哈姆雷特的延宕商丘师范学院2009届本科毕业论文I摘要戏剧《哈姆雷特》位列莎士比亚四大悲剧之首，也是世界文学中最伟大的悲剧之一。《哈姆雷特》之所以千百年来感动观众和读者是因为莎士比亚塑造了一个成功的人物形象哈姆雷特，而其中最引人注目的是哈姆雷特复仇的犹豫和延宕。哈姆雷特成为一个谜让读者去深思，这也是哈姆雷特的魅力所在。哈姆雷特在行动上的延宕并不是因为客观原因，哈姆雷特的内心世界也值得我们去深究和探讨。首先，俄狄浦斯情节是他延宕的一个重要因素，使他内心产生矛盾，才使他延迟复仇；第二个因素就是人文主义的影响，哈姆雷特重视人性，所以直到有足够的证据他才决定复仇；最后一个因素就是宗教信仰。克劳底斯忏悔本是个千载难逢的机会，然而哈姆雷特对死亡充满了恐惧，而且宗教要人宽恕，所以他错失良机。“是生是死，这真是一个问题”充分体现了他在复仇时的矛盾与痛苦。这篇论文分为四个部分，第一部分主要介绍《哈姆雷特》和点明论文主旨探究哈姆雷特行动延宕的原因；第二部分告诉读者他延宕的表现以及不是客观原因导致其延宕，所以我们应从其内心世界来解读哈姆雷特的延宕。第三部分从“俄狄浦斯”情结﹑人文主义和宗教这三方面来论述哈姆雷特的延宕。第四部分提出应该从多方面分析哈姆雷特的延宕，这样解读其延宕才是全面的。关键词：延宕;复仇;俄狄浦斯;人文主义;宗教信仰商丘师范学院2009届本科毕业论文IIAbstractThedramaHamletwasonefamousplayofShakespeare’sfourtragedies,whichisalsothemosttragedyoftheworldliterature.Hamletdeeplymovesthereadersformanycenturies.ThegreatestworkofthedramaisthatShakespeareshapedasuccessfulpersonHamlet.ThemostattractivefactoristheprocrastinationofHamlet.Somanythousandyears,Hamletwasapuzzle,especiallyhisprocrastinationofrevenge,leavingsomanyquestionstothereaderstothink.ItisalsothecharmofthedramaHamlet.Hamlet’sprocrastinationwasnotdecidedbytheobjectivereason,butinfluencedbyhisinnerworld.Hamlet’sprocrastinationshouldbeanalyzedfromthesubjectivereason.Firstly，strong“OedipusComplex”isanimportantfactorwhichleadstohisprocrastination.Thesecondfactoristheinfluenceofhumanism.Hamletstressedhumanright.UntilhehadenoughevidencetoprovethemurdererisClaudius,hedecidedtorevenge.Thelastfactorisreligiousbelief.ItwasagoodchancetokillClaudiuswhenClaudiusprayedforforgiveness.Hamletwasafraidofdeathwhichmadehimlosethecouragetorevenge.Moreover,religionencouragedforgiveness.Sohepostponedhisplanagain.“Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion”showedthereweresomanycontradictionsintheprocessofhisrevenge.Thisthesisisdividedintofourparts.ThefirstpartistheintroductionofthedramaandshowstheintentionwhichistoanalyzetheprocrastinationofHamlet.ThesecondpartistodisplaythemanifestationofHamlet’sprocrastination,andwhichwasnotdecidedbytheobjectivereason.ThethirdpartanalyzestheprocrastinationofHamletfrom“OedipusComplex”,humanismandreligiousfaith.ThelastpartsuggeststhereadersshouldanalyzetheprocrastinationofHamletcomprehensively,notjustfromoneaspect.Keywords:procrastination;revenge;OedipusComplex;humanism;religiousbeliefs商丘师范学院2009届本科毕业论文IIIContents摘要……………………………………………………………………………………IAbstract………………………………………………………………………………..II1.Introduction……….………………………...…………………………………….................12.ManifestationofHamlet……………..……..………………………………………………23.TheFactorsofProcrastination…...........................................................................................33.1TheOedipusComplex……………..……..……………………………………………………33.1.1TheConceptofOedipusComplex…….……...........................................................33.1.2TheEffectofOedipusComplex……………..……..………………………………43.2TheInfluenceofHumanism……………..……..……………………………………………53.2.1TheConceptofHumanism……………..……..…………………………………...63.2.2TheManifestationofHumanism……………..……..……………………………...73.3TheRestrictionofReligiousBeliefs……………..……..…………………………………….84.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………9References…………………………………………………………………………………….10商丘师范学院2009届本科毕业论文11.IntroductionHamletisthesummitofShakespeare’sart.ThestorycamefromanancientDanishlegend.Itwasatragedyof“bloodandthunder”.Gertrude,QueenofDenmark,widowedbythesuddendeathoftheoldKingofDenmark.YoungprinceHamletwhowassearchingfurthereducationabroadcamebacktohiscountryDenmark.Outofhisimagination,hismotherremarriedhisuncleClaudiusjustaftertheoldKing’sdeath.AghostwholookedliketheoldkingemergedatnightatthecastleElsinor,andtoldHamletthatitwasClaudiuswhokilledhim,soHamletundertooktoavengethemurderer.Hebegantopretendtobemad,andlefthisloverOphelia.TospyuponthereflectionofClaudius,Hamletarrangedaplaywhichwasdrawnbyhim.Claudiusrealizedthatheknewthetruth,soClaudiussenthimtoEngland,andaskedthemanwhokeptwatchonHamlettogivelettertotheKingofEngland,intendingtohaveHamletkilledthere.ButClaudiusfailed,andthenHamletcamebacktohiscountryagain.MeanwhileOpheliawasdrownbecauseofherfather’sdeathandherloverHamlet’sdriftingapartofher.HerbrotherLaerteswasveryangry;heaskedtofightwithHamlet,thenClaudiusarrangedthatLaerteswastochallengeHamletandkilledhimwithapoisonsword.Intheend,LaerteswoundedHamletbutwasstuckwiththepoisonsword.TheQueenalsodiedfromthepoisonwinewhichhadbeenpreparedforHamletbyClaudius.Beforedeath,Laertestoldthetruth.FinallyHamletkilledClaudiuswiththecostofhislife(刘炳善,2006:81).UnderShakespeare’spen,themedievalstoryassumedanewmeaning.Hamletisagoodworkwhichhasmovedthereadersandaudiencessodeeplyformanycenturies.Butwhyitmovedtheaudiencessodeeply?TheanswerisHamlet,becauseShakespeareshapedasuccessfulpersonHamlet.Andthemostattractivefactorwashisprocrastinationtorevenge.Asfollows,itwillshowthemanifestationofHamlet’sprocrastinationandthispaperwillexplainsomeimportfactorsinhisprocrastinationtorevenge.SofarsomanyscholarshaveresearchedinHamlet,andtheyhaddifferent商丘师范学院2009届本科毕业论文2opinionsandunderstandingabouthisprocrastination.Inotherwords,whyHamletalwayshesitateintheprocessofrevengeonhisuncleClaudius?These