以读促写-建议信

DiscourseMarkersinEnglishWriting——英语写作中的话语标记词长沙市一中朱晓明Q:Howmanystepsdoyouneedtoputthiselephantintothefridge?Lead-inLead-inQ:Howmanystepsdoyouneedtoputthiselephantintothefridge?Stepbystep!FirstSecondFinallyReadpassagestoknowmoreaboutdiscoursemarkers.Learntousediscoursemarkerstomakeyourwritinglogical.Properdiscoursemarkersmakeyourwritinglogical,vividandwell-organized.AimstodayTask1Q:Whatdid“I”dototrickChicoback?Twodayslater,theparrot,Chico,returned.Itriedtotrickhimbackwithfood,buthewouldnotcomenearme.Itookhiscageandputitaway---stillhewouldn’tcome.ImadehimafirmpromisethatIwouldlethimouteverydayiftheweatherwasniceaslongashedidcomeback.Heflewontomyshoulder.Task1Twodayslater,theparrotChicoreturned.FirstItriedtotrickhimbackwithfood,buthewouldnotcomenearme.ThenItookhiscageandputitaway---stillhewouldn’tcome.Finally,ImadehimafirmpromisethatIwouldlethimouteverydayiftheweatherwasniceaslongashedidcomeback.Atlast,heflewontomyshoulder.Task2a.Asanotherexampleb.Firstc.Thatisd.Onereasonisthate.Forexamplef.FinallyEachoftheU.S.mannedspaceexplorationprojectshadspecificmajorgoals.1,theMercuryprojectwasdesignedtotestwhetherornothumanbeingscouldsurviveandfunctioninouterspace.Inaddition,theMercuryprojecttestedrocketswiththenewMercuryspacecapsule,whichcouldholdoneperson.2,theGeminiprojectwasintendedtofindoutwhethertwopeoplecouldworkintheweightlessenvironmentofspace.ForexampleAsanotherexampleQ:HowmanymajorgoalsdidtheUSmannedspaceexplorationprojectsundertake?OnewayofdoingthiswasbyhavingGeminiastronautstakespacewalks.3,theyfloatedoutsidetheirspacecraftinaspacesuit,connectedtoitbythechain.Geminiastronautsalsotriedoutnewflyingskills.Forexample,someastronautsflewtwospacecraftextremelyclosetogether;thisprocedurewascalledrendezvous.OnsomeGeminiflights,astronautsphysicallylinkedtwospacecrafttogether.Thislinking,orspacedocking,wasamajorgoaloftheGeminiprogram.Task2Thatis4,theApolloproject,withthreeastronauts,hadthegoaloftestingspacecraftandskillssothatpeoplecouldactuallyflytotheMoonandlandonit.OthergoalsincludedperformingscientificexperimentsonthelunarsurfaceandcollectingrocksforstudyonEarth.Task2FinallyQ:Whatarethetipsforbeingsuccessful?SuccessSomepeoplesucceed,whileothersmaynot.1.Havingpropermotivationisnotoptional---itisanotherkeytosuccess.2Thatistosay,whenyoureallyhaveathirstforsuccess,youputyourperformanceunderthemicroscopetomakesurethateverylittlethingyoudoworkstowardsyourgoal.Task3DGAnotherqualitythathelpspeoplesucceediscreativity---thinkingaboutthingsinnewanddifferentways．Whereothersseefailure,theyseepossibility.3Whereothersseeacloseddoor,theyseeanopenwindow.Theymightbesuccessfulwithalittlecreativity，butthemostsuccessfulpeoplearethemostcreativeones．Task3CReadingaboutsuccessfulpeopleisanothertosuccess.Bydoingso,youwilllearnabouthowotherpeoplehaveachievedsuccess.Manysuccessfulpeoplehavethesamedriveandsamequalities.4WhileyoumaynotbethenextBillGates,youmaybecomejustas,ifnotmorefamous.Task3FInaddition,practicingisalsoimportantifyouwanttosucceedbecausepracticemakesperfect.Practiceeverydayatwhatevercareeryouarein,asitwillhelpyouseeyourselfandbusinessbegintogrow.5Yourcolleagueswillbehappytoworkwithyou,andyourbosswillgiveyoumoreresponsibility.Successisyoursforthetaking!Cheers!Task3BWhatisthediscoursemarker?Discoursemarkersrefertolinkingwordsorphraseswhichcanshowthebetweenwhatspeakerissayingandwhathasalreadybeensaid.Sometimestheycanalsoreflectthespeakers’.Summaryconnectionattitude逻辑关系并列递进关系:both…and…,aswellas,accordingly,inthisway…转折对比关系:yet,but,thought,evenso,however,onceregardlessof因果关系:so,dueto,forthisreason,inviewof概括总结关系:inbrief,tosumuponthewhole,inconclusion时间顺序关系:first,second,followingthis,afterwards,previously,meanwhile,later,sincethen,tobeginwith解释例证关系:forexample,inthissituation,asto,inparticular,namely,accordingtoMyMindmap假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Hunter发来e-mail说他特别痴迷于中国文化尤其是唐诗宋词，但是对于一些诗词只是死记硬背，而对于其中的含义却很难理解，希望你能够给他回一封电子邮件提一些建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。WritingtaskWriteanemailtoMr.Hunterwithin10minuteswithproperdiscoursemarkers.WritingtaskDearHunter,I’mmorethangladtoknowyoudevelopatasteforChineseculture.Tobehonest,itisnormalyoufeelitdifficulttounderstandTangandSongpoems.Firstofall,tounderstandapoem,readingandrecitingareamust.Onlyinthiswaycanyouappreciateitsbeauty.Additionally,itwouldbehelpfulifyourefertotheInternetandlearnthebackgroundtohaveabetterunderstandingofitshiddenmeaning.MyeditionAsisoftenthecase,itwastypicalofChinesepoetstoexpresstheiropinionsandconcernsaboutpoliticsandsociety.Therefore,gettingtoknowtheexperiencesofthepoetmustcontributetounderstandingofhisworks.HopingyoumakeprogressandhavefuninlearningChinesepoems!MyeditionHomework:1.Polishyourwritingaccordingtotheevaluationcriteria,andwriteitdownonyourexercisebooks.2.Finishthemonthlyexercisepaper.