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《ComputerNetworksandInternet》1HomeworkChapter51.HowbigistheLANaddressspace?TheIPv4addressspace?TheIPv6addressspace?2^48,2^32,2^1282.Supposefouractivenodes—nodesA,B,CandD—arecompetingforaccesstoachannelusingslottedALOHA.Assumeeachnodehasaninfinitenumberofpacketstosend.Eachnodeattemptstotransmitineachslotwithprobabilityp.Thefirstslotisnumberedslot1,thesecondslotisnumberedslot2,andsoon.假设四个活动节点,节点A,B,C和D-正在争夺访问使用时隙ALOHA的通道。假设每个节点有分组的无限号码发送。每个节点将尝试在每个时隙的概率为p传输。第一时隙编号为时隙1,第二时隙编号为2的插槽,并依此类推。a.WhatistheprobabilitythatnodeAsucceedsforthefirsttimeinslot5?b.Whatistheprobabilitythatsomenode(eitherA,B,CorD)succeedsinslot4?c.Whatistheprobabilitythatthefirstsuccessoccursinslot3?d.Whatistheefficiencyofthisfour-nodesystem?1.节点A首次就成功插在插槽5的概率是多少?2.某些节点(或A,B,C或D)成功插在插槽4的概率是多少?3.第一次成功发生在槽3的概率是多少?4.这四个节点系统的效率?《ComputerNetworksandInternet》23.CalculatetheefficiencyofslottedALOHAandpureALOHAasafunctionofp(p=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,…,1.0)forthefollowingvaluesofN:a.N=15.b.N=20.c.N=30.Answer:EquationpureALOHAp=00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0N=15N=20N=30slottedALOHAp=00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0N=15N=20N=30《ComputerNetworksandInternet》34.ConsiderthreeLANsinterconnectedbytworouters,asshowninFigure1.考虑由两个路由器相互连接3个网,如图1。《ComputerNetworksandInternet》4Figure1a.AssignIPaddressestoalloftheinterfaces.ForSubnet1useaddressesoftheform192.168.1.xxx;forSubnet2usesaddressesoftheform192.168.2.xxx;andforSubnet3useaddressesoftheform192.168.3.xxx.b.AssignMACaddressestoalloftheadapters.c.ConsidersendinganIPdatagramfromHostEtoHostB.SupposealloftheARPtablesareuptodate.Enumerateallthesteps,asdoneforthesingle-routerexampleinARP.d.Repeat(c),nowassumingthattheARPtableinthesendinghostisempty(andtheothertablesareuptodate).1.将IP地址分配给所有的接口。对于子网1使用形如192.168.1.xxx的地址;子网2使用的形式192.168.2.xxx地址;而对于子网3使用形式192.168.3.xxx地址。2.指定MAC地址的所有适配器。3.考虑发送IP数据报从主机E至主机B.假设所有的ARP表是最新的。枚举所有的步骤,可用于在ARP单路由器为例。4.重复(c)中,现在假定在发送主机ARP表是空的(和其他表是最新的)。《ComputerNetworksandInternet》51。在E转发表确定数据包应该被路由接口192.168.3.002。2。在E的适配器创建和以太网目的地址88-88-88-88-88-88以太网数据包。3。路由器2接收该分组,并提取该数据报。在该路由器的转发表指示数据报路由到198.162.2.002。4。路由器2然后通过与198.162.2.003的IP地址,端口发送带有的55-55-55-55-55-5533-33-33-33-33-33和源地址到达目的地址的以太网数据包。5。该过程继续,直至该分组到达主机B5.ConsiderFigure1inaboveproblem4.ProvideMACaddressesandIPaddressesfortheinterfacesatHostA,bothrouters,andHostF.SupposeHostAsendsadatagramtoHostF.GivethesourceanddestinationMACaddressesintheframeencapsulatingthisIPdatagramastheframeistransmitted(i)fromAtotheleftrouter,(ii)fromtheleftroutertotherightrouter,(iii)fromtherightroutertoF.AlsogivethesourceanddestinationIPaddressesintheIPdatagramencapsulatedwithintheframeateachofthesepointsintime.《ComputerNetworksandInternet》6考虑图1中的上述问题4.提供MAC地址,并在主机A上,两个路由器的接口的IP地址和主机F.假设主机A发送数据报给主机F.提供的源和目的MAC地址的帧封装这IP数据报作为帧被发送(ⅰ)从A到左侧路由器,(ⅱ)从左侧路由器到合适的路由器,(ⅲ)从右侧路由器至F也给在IP源和目的地IP地址在时间框架的每一个点的范围内数据报封装。6.SupposenowthattheleftmostrouterinFigure1isreplacedbyaswitch.HostsA,B,C,andDandtherightrouterareallstar-connectedintothisswitch.GivethesourceanddestinationMACaddressesintheframeencapsulatingthisIPdatagramastheframeistransmitted(i)fromAtotheswitch,(ii)fromtheswitchtotherightrouter,(iii)fromtherightroutertoF.AlsogivethesourceanddestinationIPaddressesintheIPdatagramencapsulatedwithintheframeateachofthesepointsintime.现在假定最左边的路由器在图1中被替换为一个开关。主机A,B,C和D和正确的路由器都是星型连接到该交换机。给在帧的封装的源和目的地MAC地址此IP数据报作为帧被发送(ⅰ)从A到交换机上,(ⅱ)从交换机到合适的路由器,(ⅲ)从右侧路由器至F也给在IP数据报中的时间帧内包封在每个这些点的源和目的地IP地址。《ComputerNetworksandInternet》77.RecallthatwiththeCSMA/CDprotocol,theadapterwaitsK∙512bittimesafteracollision,whereKisdrawnrandomly.ForK=100,howlongdoestheadapterwaituntilreturningtoStep2fora10MbpsEthernet?Fora100MbpsEthernet?回想一下CSMA/CD协议,适配器等待ķ∙512比特时间的碰撞,其中K是随机抽取。对于K=100,时间适配器等多长时间能回到步骤2,对于10Mbps以太网?对于100Mbps以太网?8.SupposenodesAandBareonthesame10MbpsEthernetbus,andthepropagationdelaybetweenthetwonodesis325bittimes.SupposenodeAbeginstransmittingaframeand,beforeitfinishes,nodeBbeginstransmittingaframe.CanAfinishtransmittingbeforeitdetectsthatBhastransmitted?Whyorwhynot?Iftheanswerisyes,thenAincorrectlybelievesthatitsframewassuccessfullytransmittedwithoutacollision.Hint:Supposeattimet=0bittimes,Abeginstransmittingaframe.Intheworstcase,Atransmitsaminimum-sizedframeof512+64bittimes.SoAwouldfinishtransmittingtheframeatt=512+64bittimes.Thus,theanswerisno,ifB’ssignalreachesAbeforebittimet=512+64bits.Intheworstcase,whendoesB’ssignalreachA?假设节点A和B是相同的10Mbps以太网总线,两个节点之间的传播延迟是325倍。假设节点开始发送一帧,在它结束之前,B节点传输一帧开始。能完成传输之前检测到B传播么?为什么或为什么不呢?如果答案是肯定的,那么一个错误地认为其框架没有碰撞的成功传播。提示:假设在时间t=0倍,开始传送一帧。在最坏的情况下,传输minimum-sized帧512+64倍。所以将完《ComputerNetworksandInternet》8成传输在t=512+64位的时间框架。因此,答案是否定的,如果B信号到达前一点时间t=512+64位。在最坏的情况下,当B信号达到吗?在t=0时,A发送。在t=576时,A将完成发射。在最坏的情况下,B开始在时间t=324时传送,这时A的帧的第一比特到达B。t=324+325=649B的第一比特到达A.因为649576,A已经完成传输在检测到B已经发送之前。因此,一个不正确的认为它的帧未经碰撞成功发送。
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