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晓艳语法总结一、简单句1、小结《1》什么是句子:英语句子必须具备主谓结构,并且主语一定是谓语动作的发出者,若有宾语,一定是谓语动作的承受者。eg.我要去剪头发。Iwillcutmyhair.错Iwillhavemyhaircut.orIwillgetahaircut.《2》句子必须有谓语,谓语必须有时态。《3》句子的基本结构:1主谓2主谓宾谓语是实意动词3主谓表谓语是系动词:①be:amisare②感官动词:look(与其同意且不为感官动词的有:seem,prove,appear)smell,taste(n.喜爱havetasteforsth.),sound(adj.甜美的),feel③变化:get,become,turn,grow,fall④保持:keep,stay,remain,stand4主谓双宾#Shetaughthimalesson.(在最后两个宾语间加be×)5主谓宾宾补#Thedifficultiesmakeyoustronger.(√):1谓语:1)成分:有时态的实意动词(组)或系动词2)谓语能不能少:一句话中有且只能有一个谓语(动词)。多的变成非谓语动词,少了的加be。谓语只能是动词,动词只能做谓语。#变成非谓语动词的方法:①-ing表主动或进行②-ed表被动或完成③todo表目的或将来2主语:1)成分:名词、代词、非谓语动词(v-ing,todo)、从句(引导词+句子)。2)主语能不能少:不可缺失但可省略,解决方法:①it:必须与天气、温度、时间有关②therebe“有”③被动注:没有被动的情况:不及物动词、系动词、当have表“有”时。#LearningEnglisharightthing.#Toseeistobelieve.#Iloveyou.#MyjobistoteachEnglish.#Thathefinishedwritingshockedus.3宾语:名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句。4表语:名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语。《5》写作:1)写不来的长难句,暂时先写成简单句,保证语法正确。2)写不来的单词,写成自己会的。3)长难句分析:第一步找谓语,从而找到一句话的主谓宾。如果一句话找到多个动词的,就确定主句的谓语动词。前面没有引导词的谓语动词就是主句的谓语动词。2、语法练习1)重庆有很多人口。ThereexistinChongqing.2)如果有毅力,迟早都会成功。Ifthereappearspersistenceinyourmind,glorieswillbeattainedsoonerorlater.3)建议政府采取措施来缓解这个问题。Authoritiesaresupposedtoactionssoastorelievetheissue.4)他外表看起来很邋遢,内心却很高贵。Helooksinappearancebutheisinhismind.5)有朵花生长在温室。Thereisoneflowerinthegreenhouse.6)冬天来了,春天就不远了。Winterapproaching,springwill.7)过度捕捞被越来越多的人认为很严重。Overfishingisclaimedbyprofessors.二、并列句1、小结《1》并列句:简单句+并列连词+简单句《2》常见的连词:平行关系:#conj.and,notonly...butalso...#adv./介n.Similarly,equally,likewise,atthesametime,inthemeanwhile等转折关系:#conj.but,while,yet,whereas#adv./介n.However,nevertheless,conversely,onthecontrary,bycontrast,incontrast,unexpectedly,unfortunately等递进关系:#conj.then#adv./介n.Besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,additionally,subsequently等因果关系:#conj.for(因为),so#adv./介n.Thus,therefore,consequently,asaresult等选择关系:#conj.or(或者、否则),whether...or...#adv./介n.Alternatively《3》并列句在写作中的使用:写作中只要有逻辑关系就要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词和介词短语)完形填空:读懂前后两句话可判断逻辑关系。连词和其他关系词的区别:连词前有无逗号均可;其他逻辑关系词前一定是句号或者加连词and。《4》长难句分析:有并列连词通常会有省略。找连词。如何找省略内容?一句话如果有省略,一定省略在连词后。连词后有的省略,连词前通常都有。连词前有,连词后没有就是省略的内容。2、语法练习1)都说我如水百变,可知我清澈不变。Iwasclaimedlikewater.Unexpectedly,myclaritywillkeep.2)有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?Thereremainsafriend.Therefore,Ifeelprettydelighted.3)还记得那天吗?我没有通过四级考试,一个人在雨中哭泣,你走过来拍拍我的肩膀,告诉我人生没有终点。Doyoustillkeepthatdayinmind?IfailedtopassCET4.Asaresult,Iwasintherainalone.Atthemoment,youcameuptomeandtouchedmyshoulder,tellingme“”.4)我之所以决定辞职是因为这份工作不但薪水低而且接触不到太多朋友。ThesalarykeepssolowandIfailtomanynewfriends,soImakeadecisiontoquit.三、名词性从句1、小结《1》名词能做的成分:主语、宾语、表语、同位语(名词后,用来解释名词,可充当成分:名词代词非谓语动词从句)《2》什么是名词性从句:引导词+句子(主+谓)《3》什么是名词性从句:名词在句子中充当成分,从句也能(主从、宾从、表从、同位从)《4》名词性从句的引导词:按从句的类型分类:①that:当从句是陈述句时,that在从句中无意思且不充当成分。②Whether:当从句是一般疑问句时,whether可以译成是否且不充当成分。③特殊疑问词:当从句是特殊疑问句时,所有疑问词在从句中充当成分且有特定意思。所有从句都是陈述句形式。Eg.Whytheylefthometownibetisamystery.Someday,willfindthatcareer,kinshipandfriendshiparemoreindispensablethanromance.Thepointseemswhenwealthbecomeavailableforyou.ladiestendtoberightprovescommonknowledge.《5》从句在写作中的应用①写作:1)主语从句:it作形式主语:可写在任何一句话前拉长句子Itisapparentthat...;Itlooksbeyonddisputethat...;Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthat...;Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...;Itkeepsmyargumentthat...2)同位语从句:既可以紧跟该名词,也可放在句末。满分句型:......这个事实表明了......Theevidence/truththat...manifests/indicates/suggests/demonstrates/that...Eg.Thetruththatflowersinthegreenhousefailtoundergostormdemonstratesthatkidsshouldneverbespoiledbytheirsuperiors.同位从+宾从②长难句分析:能够识别各个名词性从句并通顺翻译。(1)如何识别主语从句:引导词放在句首且从句后没有逗号隔开,一定是主从。主语从句从句首开始到主句的谓语动词前结束。除此以外,it...that也通常都是主语从句,主语从句从that开始,到句末结束。(2)如何识别宾语从句:只要实意动词后有引导词,就暂定为宾从(状从)。(3)如何识别表语从句:只要系动词后有引导词,就是表从。(4)如何识别同位语从句:只要名词后有引导词,就暂定为同位从(更可能是定从)2、语法练习1)成功属于全力以赴的人已经为无数事实所证明。Ithasbeenvalidatedbynumerousfactsthattriumphsbelongtothose2)显而易见图片中两个残疾人扔掉拐杖后,相互搀扶着向前跑。It’sself-evidentthatinthevivid,aftertheyabandonedtheirwalkingsticks,thetwoaresupportingeachothertorunforth.3)我的性格比较内向,不太喜欢与别人交流这个事实表明,这个工作不适合我,所以我要辞职。ThetruththatIfailtobeoutgoing,notcommunicatingwithothersthatthejobdoesn’tfitme.Consequently,Imakeadecisiontoquit.4)一些人认为,一个城市应该拆除旧的历史建筑,以现代建筑取而代之。Quiteafewcitizensacityshoulddestroyitshistoricbuildingsandreplacethemwithmodernones.5)尽管孩子可以向父母寻求建议,但最终还是应该有他们自己决定自己学什么方面的知识,以及将来从事什么职业。Kidsshoulddecidekindofknowledgetheywillmasterandprofessiontheyplantoeventhoughtheycanconsulttheirsuperiorsforsuggestions.6)因此,根据我的分析,我强烈反对那些认为老师应该为学生的学习负全责的看法。Therefore,fromallofmyanalysis,Istronglytheperspectivethattutorsshouldberesponsibleforthelearningofstudents.7)现在最紧迫的问题是父母应该提高紧惕了,让孩子多参见有意义的活动,融入到班级中去。Themosturgentproblem,atthepresent,issuperiorsshouldbeonthealert,askingtheirkidstotakepartinmoremeaningfulactivitiestobecomeapartoftheclass.8)有一天你会发现,事业,亲情,友情都比爱情重要。,willthatcareer,kinshipandfriendshipprovemorethanromance.9)关键是,你什么时候有钱呢?Thepointseemswhenwealthwillyou.四、定语从句1、小结《1》什么是定语:”...的+名词”,是修饰该名词的定语成分《2》定语的成分:1)形容词Theinnocentnightingaledied.2)名词Thesingingofthebirdmadetherosebloom.3)介词短语Thebirdoutofthewindowheardthesighsoftheyoungster.4)非谓语动词Thesingingbirdlosthislife.=Thebirdtosinglosthislife.5)从句Therosewhichthenightingaleexchangedwithhisli
本文标题:刘晓艳-语法总结
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