初中英语宾语从句完全攻略

语法专项复习ObjectClause宾语从句1.Iknowhim.（简单句）2.Iknowwhoheis.(复合句)____________主语谓语宾语_______________主语谓语关联词从句主语从句谓语主句宾语从句—————一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）Iknow(that)MrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序（一）连接词1.陈述句：that2.一般疑问句：whether/if3.特殊疑问句：连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich连接副词whenwhywherehow。e.g.1.Idon'nthear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时*当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定或否定），连词由that引导，在句中不作成分，无意义。口语或非正式文体中可省略。宾语从句中不能省略that的情况：1）主从句有插入语时：Itsayshere,onthissign,thatyoucan'ttalkloudly.2）若出现两个及以上宾语从句且有并列连词时：Myunclesaid(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisdaughter.3）当有it作形式宾语用that引导时：Hefinallyfounditdifficultthatheshouldfinishtheworkbyhimself.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）2.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）whether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.*当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），在句中意为“是否”，有意义，不能省略。If与whether的区别1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether引导主从或表从只能用whether1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellme______________.（他在哪儿）5.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词what,whomwhose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislatewhocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingfor带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句：*Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.*Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?*Wouldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?*Idon'tknowhowfaritistothecinema.注意：这里could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去。从句时态视情况而定。（二）语序：陈述句语序1.Shewantstoknowifthereisabanknearhere.2.Heaskedwhattheyaredoing.即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分)1.Isthereabanknearhere?Shewantstoknow.2.WhatAretheydoing?Heasked.（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?任何过去2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.Shesaidthatshewasdoingexercisesat8:00Tomsaidhehadeatenlunchjustnow.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,定义、定理，公理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用_______时态。例如：Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Mr.HuhavetoldusthatAfriendinneedisafriendindeed.一般现在四、否定转移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:(1)Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(2)Idon’tbelievehehasfinishedthework,________?(3)HeknewwhyJimwasn’tatschool,___________?解析：例2，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例3，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当。hashedidn’the五、复合句：（连接词+宾语从句）简单句：（连接词+todosth）*Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext.*shedidn'tdecidewhichoneshecouldchoose.*CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?*Hedoesn'tknowwhenhewillleave.Idon'tknowwhattodonext.Shedidn'tdecidewhichonetochoose.Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?Hedoesn'tknowwhentoleave.六、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgovisittheGreatWall.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.HeaskedwhereIlived.Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.注意：１．Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB巩固练习：I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。3.Theyoungmanasked____it'ssummerofwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether4.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which5.Theteacherasksus_____Jimcancomebacksoon.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime6.Doesanybodyknow_____wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that7.Iwonder_____heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.whenDABCB9．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?A.whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLilyC8.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshereC10Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake11Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.had