印度电力的国家报告(pdf130)(1)

ELECTRICITYININDIAINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYProvidingPowerfortheMillionsprepaindia21/02/0212:14Page1ELECTRICITYININDIAINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYProvidingPowerfortheMillionsINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY9,ruedelaFédération,75739Paris,cedex15,FranceTheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)isanautonomousbodywhichwasestablishedinNovember1974withintheframeworkoftheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)toimplementaninternationalenergyprogramme.Itcarriesoutacomprehensiveprogrammeofenergyco-operationamongtwenty-six*oftheOECD’sthirtyMembercountries.ThebasicaimsoftheIEAare:•Tomaintainandimprovesystemsforcopingwithoilsupplydisruptions;•Topromoterationalenergypoliciesinaglobalcontextthroughco-operativerelationswithnon-membercountries,industryandinternationalorganisations;•Tooperateapermanentinformationsystemontheinternationaloilmarket;•Toimprovetheworld’senergysupplyanddemandstructurebydevelopingalternativeenergysourcesandincreasingtheefficiencyofenergyuse;•Toassistintheintegrationofenvironmentalandenergypolicies.*IEAMembercountries:Australia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,theCzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Japan,theRepublicofKorea,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates.TheEuropeanCommissionalsotakespartintheworkoftheIEA.ORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCO-OPERATIONANDDEVELOPMENTPursuanttoArticle1oftheConventionsignedinParison14thDecember1960,andwhichcameintoforceon30thSeptember1961,theOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)shallpromotepoliciesdesigned:•ToachievethehighestsustainableeconomicgrowthandemploymentandarisingstandardoflivinginMembercountries,whilemaintainingfinancialstability,andthustocontributetothedevelopmentoftheworldeconomy;•TocontributetosoundeconomicexpansioninMemberaswellasnon-membercountriesintheprocessofeconomicdevelopment;and•Tocontributetotheexpansionofworldtradeonamultilateral,non-discriminatorybasisinac-cordancewithinternationalobligations.TheoriginalMembercountriesoftheOECDareAustria,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.ThefollowingcountriesbecameMemberssubsequentlythroughaccessionatthedatesindicatedhereafter:Japan(28thApril1964),Finland(28thJanuary1969),Australia(7thJune1971),NewZealand(29thMay1973),Mexico(18thMay1994),theCzechRepublic(21stDecember1995),Hungary(7thMay1996),Poland(22ndNovember1996),theRepublicofKorea(12thDecember1996)andSlovakia(28thSeptember2000).TheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitiestakespartintheworkoftheOECD(Article13oftheOECDConvention).©OECD/IEA,2002Applicationsforpermissiontoreproduceortranslateallorpartofthispublicationshouldbemadeto:HeadofPublicationsService,OECD2,rueAndré-Pascal,75775Pariscedex16,France.FOREWORD-3FOREWORDTheIEAandIndiahaveconductedamutuallybeneficialdialogueonenergypolicyforthepastfiveyears.OurexchangeswerereinforcedinnumberanddepthafterthesigningofaDeclarationofCo-operationintheFieldofEnergyinMay1998.BecauseofIndia’sgrowingexternalenergydependencyandglobalemissionsfromtheenergysector,thechangestakingplacethereareincreasinglyimportanttoworldenergymarkets.Indiaisthethird-largestproducerofhardcoalafterChinaandtheUnitedStates.Indiaimportsaround1.4millionbarrelsofoilperday,60percentofitstotalneeds.Thisdependencyisprojectedtogrowto85percentby2010andtoover90percentby2020.India’scrudeoilimportsareprojectedtoreach5millionbarrelsperdayin2020,whichismorethan60percentofcurrentSaudiArabianoilproduction.Energyandelectricitywillberequiredforapopulationthatexceededonebillionin2000andtofuelaneconomythatgrewatanaverageannualrateof7percentfrom1993to1997.India’scentralandstategovernmentshavebeguneffortstoreformthepowersector.TheliberalisationofIndia’selectricitymarket,initiatedadecadeago,wasexpectedtorationaliseconsumptionandimprovetheallocationoffinancialandenergyresources.ButtheIndianpowersectorisnowfacingaseriouscrisiswithimplicationsforthecountry’soveralleconomicgrowthanddevelopment.TheIEAanditsMembercountriesstandreadytoassisttheGovernmentofIndiainitseffortstoimprovetheoverallfunctioningoftheelectricitysector.ThisstudywasundertakentoprovideanassessmentofIndia’selectricityliberalisationefforts.ItissimilartotheenergypolicysurveyscarriedoutregularlybytheIEAinitsMembercountriesandincludesrecommendations.ThestudyaimstocontributetothedebateonelectricityliberalisationpolicyandtotheGovernmentofIndia’seffortstodevelopandimprovetheefficiencyoftheIndianelectricitymarket.ThereadermaywellnoteadifferencebetweentheanalysisinthisbookandthatinotherIEApublications,inthatwehererecommendactivegovernmentinterventiontohelppreparethewayforanIndia-widefreepowermarket.TheAgencyholdsfirmlytotheviewthatmarketsworkbestwhentheyrespondtomarketforcesalone,andthiswillbethecaseevenforIndiainthefuture.Forthemoment,however,nofreemarketexistsinIndia.Onlythecentralgovernmentcancreatethepreconditionsforamarkettoemerge,byinducingthestatestoreformthe