生态学专业术语英汉对照2

Ecology生态学individuals个体population种群communities群落ecosystems生态系统behavioralecology行为生态学physiologicalecology生理生态学evolutionaryecology进化生态学molecularecology分子生态学fitness适合度naturalselection自然选择adaptation适应genotype基因型phenotype表型phenotypicplasticity表型可塑性offspring后代genes基因nongeneticfactors非遗传因素notinherited不遗传conditions条件resources资源environmentalvariation环境变异internalregulation内调节homeostasis稳态negativefeedback负反馈tolerance耐受性temperature温度notdepletable不能耗掉solarradiation太阳辐射decouple退耦niche生态位habitat栖息地multidimensionalnichespace多维生态位空间Fundamentalniche基础生态位Realizedniche实际生态位Prey猎物Foraging觅食Dimension轴或维Globalwindpattern地球的风型Thecirculationofoceans洋流Rain降雨Havoc['hævək]灾害Hurricane飓风Latitude纬度Irradiance[i'reidiəns,-si]辐射度Summersolstice夏至Wintersolstice冬至Adiabaticcooling绝热冷却Scale尺度Corioliseffect科里奥利效应Intertropicalconvergencezone热带辐合带Jetstreams急流Albedo反照率Gulfstream墨西哥湾流Leeofacontinent背风面Upwelling上涌流Adiabaticlapserate绝热温度递减率Inversion逆温Heatofcondensation凝结热Heat热Temperatureprofiles温度剖面Relativehumidity相对湿度Saturatedwater饱和水watervapor水蒸汽microclimate微气候thermal['θə:məl]conductivity热传导chemicalpropertiesofwater水的化学特性penetrationoflightthroughwater光线穿透水Energytransferandwaterphases能量转化和水相Deplete耗竭Ions离子Electropositive正电性的Electronegative负电性的Beer’slaw比尔定律Heatcapacity热容量Maximumdensity最大密度Latentheatofvaporization增发潜热Heatoffusion溶解热Sublimation升华Soilwater土壤水Fieldcapacity田间持水量Theuptakeofwaterbyroots根对水的吸收Aquaticplants水生植物Wateravailability水的可利用性Plantproductivity植物生产力Permanentwiltingpoint永久萎焉点Potentialevapotranspirationrate潜在蒸发蒸腾速率Capillarypores毛细管孔隙Resourcedepletionzone资源枯竭区Halophytes盐生植物Waterbalanceinfish鱼类的水平衡Amphibians两栖类Waterconservationbyterrestrialanimals陆生动物的水保持Mammalian哺乳动物Kidneys肾脏Bladder膀胱Beavers河狸Osmoregulation渗透调节Countercurrentexchange逆流调节Hypertonic高渗的Homeotherms恒温动物Poikilotherms变温动物Ectotherms外温动物Endotherms内温动物Temperaturethresholds温度阀Mechanisms机理Enzyme酶Thethermoneutralzone热中性区Dehydration脱水Ratesofdevelopmentandgrowth发育和生长速度Acclimationandacclimatization驯化和气候驯化DevelopmentalthresholdTemperature发育温度阀Physiologicaltime生理时间Vernalization春化Speciesdistribution物种分布Evolvedresponse进化反应Meantemperature平均温度Isotherm等温线Radiantenergy辐射能Photosynthesis光合作用Efficiencyofradiantenergyconversion辐射能的转换效率Changesintheintensityofradiation辐射强度的变化Strategicandtacticalresponseofplantstoradiation植物对辐射的战略和战术响应Compensationpoint补偿点Photosyntheticallyactiveradiation（PAR）光和活性辐射EfficiencyofPhotosynthesis光合作用效率Photosyntheticcapacity光合能力Diurnalandannualrhythmsofsolarradiation太阳辐射日节律和年节律Resourcedepletionzone资源耗竭带Strategicdifference战略差异Tacticalresponse战术响应Transpiration蒸腾Netassimilation净同化量Nutrientsources营养物资源Nutrientbudgets营养预算Terrestrialcommunities陆地群落Aquaticcommunities水生群落Geochemistry地球化学Globalbiogeochemicalcycles全球生物地球循环Mechanicalweathering机械风化Chemicalweathering化学腐蚀Wetfall湿降落Dryfall干降落Rainoutcomponent雨水冲失成分Washoutcomponent水冲失成分Streamflow溪流Denitrification脱氮Endorheic内陆湖泊Biogeochemistry生物地球化学Hydrospherecarbon水圈的碳Weathering风化作用Nitrogencycle氮循环Phosphorus氮Sediment沉积型Lithospheric岩石圈Sulfur硫Thefateofmatterinthecommunity群落中物质的命运Producers生产者Consumers消费者Decomposers分解者Autotrophs自养生物Grazingmammals草食哺乳动物Phytoplankton浮游植物Zooplankton浮游动物Bacteria细菌Fungi真菌Nonliving无生命Foodchains食物链Primaryandsecondaryproduction初级和次级生产力NetPrimaryproduction净初级生产力Aphoticzone无光区Photiczone透光区Primaryconsumers初级消费者Secondaryconsumer次级消费者Soilformation土壤形成Thesoilprofile土壤剖面Primaryclassification：thegreatsoilgroups主要分类：大土壤群Highervegetation高等植物Dynamicmixture动态混合物Organicmatter有机质Cells细胞Pedology土壤学Subsoil亚土壤Mineralsoil矿物质土壤Parentmaterial母质Soilseries土系Soilsurveyor土壤勘测员Succession演替Ecosystempatterns生态系统格局Soilhorizons土层Humicacids腐植酸Greatsoilgroups土壤群Populationsize种群大小Ageandstagestructure年龄和时期结构Zygote受精卵Unitaryorganism单体生物Modularorganism构件生物Ramets无性系分株Clone无性系Genet基株Evolutionaryindividuals进化个体Immediateecologicalimpact直接生态作用Stableagedistribution稳定年龄分布Agepyramid年龄金字塔Stationaryagedistribution固定的年龄分布Stagestructure时期结构Sizesclasses个体大小群Natality出生率Mortality死亡率Survivorship存活率Lifetables生命表K-factoranalysisk-因子分析Thefecundityschedule生殖力表Populationgrowth种群增长Density-independentPopulationgrowth非密度制约性种群增长Density-dependentgrowth-thelogisticequation密度制约性种群增长：逻辑斯缔方程Lifeexpectancy生命期望Survivorshipcurve存活曲线Cohort同生群Age-specificsurvivalrate特定年龄存活率Keyfactors关键因子Killingfactor致死因子Basicreproductionrate基础繁殖率Carryingcapacity环境容纳量Estimatingdensity估计密度Markreleaserecapture标记重捕法H3Densitydependence密度制约Equilibriumpopulationdensity平衡种群密度Relativedensity相对密度Alleeeffect阿利效应Exactlycompensating准确补偿Undercompensating补偿不足Overcompensating过度补偿H4Populationfluctuations种群波动Chaos混沌Expandingandcontractingpopulations增长种群和收缩种群Stablelimitcycle稳定极限环I1Competition竞争Predation捕食Parasitism寄生Mutualism互利共生Intraspecificcompetition种内竞争Interspecificcompetition种间竞争Exploitationcompetition利用性竞争Interferencecompetition干扰性竞争Cannibalism自相残杀Altruism利他主义Commensualism偏利共生Amensualism偏害共生I2Dispersal扩散Territoriality领域性Nicheshift生态位转移Allelopathy异株克生Competiveasymmetry竞争不对称Scramblecompetition争夺竞争Contestcompetition格斗竞争Zeronetgrowthisocline零增长等斜线Self-thinning自疏Inbreeding近亲繁殖Reproductivevalue繁殖价值Leks求偶场I3Competitiveexclusion竞争