第五讲英语科技论文写作

英语科技论文写作与发表ResearchPaperWritingandPublishing西北工业大学自动化学院李晖晖科技论文的概念awrittenandpublishedreportdescribingoriginalresearchresults“From：Day,R.A.:HowtoWriteandPublishaScientificPaper.Secondedn.ISIPress,Philadelphia(1983)Scientificpapershavetomeettworequirements：howthepaperiswrittenthewayitispublished.Whytowritepapers?PublishingpapersisverycriticalforresearchersItisaprocessofgettingideas,performingthem,presentingthem,testingthem,andmakingthemacceptedbyotherresearchersItisonerepresentationofresearchproductions.科技论文的重要性Thegeneralstructureofapapercomprisesfollowingsections(intheirtypicalsequence):title,authors,affiliate(附属机构，即作者所在单位),abstraction,keywords,introduction,body,conclusion,acknowledgments(致谢),appendix（如果有的话）,references.科技论文撰写格式科技论文撰写格式1、Title“asthefewestpossiblewordsthatadequatelydescribethecontentsofthepaper“effectivetitlesshould:identifythemainissueofthepaperbeginwiththesubjectofthepaperareaccurate,unambiguous,specific,andcompletedonotcontainabbreviations(缩写）attractreaders科技论文撰写格式example：Anefficientarithmeticcodessuitingforhardwaredesign(一种硬件实现的高效算术编码)NetworkProgrammingBasedonWeb(基于Web的网络编程)。科技论文撰写格式Attention:avoidtousewordslike:studieson,investigationson,observationsonproblemisnotproperfortitleArticlesintitle(题名中的冠词)。在早年，科技论文题名中的冠词用得较多，近些年有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。eg：TheApplicationofMicroprocessorsonProcessingofChemicalHeat-treatment．其中的冠词the可不用。标题长度一般不超过12个单词科技论文撰写格式uppercaseandlowercaseintitlea.THEAPPLICATIONOFTHEMODELSOFNONLINEARREGRESSION.b.TheContourletTransformforImageCompression.(每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写。)c.Imagecodingusingwavelettransform．theformb.isoftenused,buttheformc.appearmoreandmore。科技论文撰写格式2、AuthorsLiHuiLiHuihui,LiHui-hui3、Affiliate单位应是作者在进行研究工作时所在的单位，一般写在作者姓名下方。寄给国外杂志应写明所在单位的部门，如大学的系、研究所的室、医院的科等。在国内杂志上发表文章，不写单位地址；在国外杂志发表文章，一般应在单位下面写详细地址。若作者不止一人，而又来自不同单位，则单位可分别写在合作者下方。也可以在作者姓名右上方注上a,b,c或星号*,**，然后在脚注中分别列出这些记号并写上单位和地址。科技论文撰写格式科技论文撰写格式4.Abstract“anabstractcomprisesaoneparagraphsummaryofthewholepaper.“Abstractshavebecomeincreasinglyimportant,aselectronicpublicationdatabasesaretheprimarymeansoffindingresearchreportsinacertainsubjectareatoday.Achecklistlistingrelevantpartsofanabstract:1.Motivation:Whydowecareabouttheproblemandtheresults?2.Problemstatement:Whatproblemisthepapertryingtosolveandwhatisthescopeofthework?3.Approach:Whatwasdonetosolvetheproblem?4.Results:Whatistheanswertotheproblem?5.Conclusions:Whatimplicationsdoestheanswerimply?科技论文撰写格式科技论文撰写格式therearesomethingsthatshouldnotbeincludedinanabstract:Informationandconclusionsnotstatedinthepaperreferencestootherliteraturetheexacttitlephraseillustrativeelementssuchastablesandfigures科技论文撰写格式说明:有相当数量的作者和审稿人认为,科技论文的撰写应使用第三人称、过去时和被动语态。但调查表明,科技论文中被动语态的使用在1920-1970年曾比较流行,但由于主动语态的表达更为准确,且更易阅读,因而目前大多数期刊都提倡使用主动态。国际知名科技期刊“Nature”,“Cell”等尤其如此,其中第一人称和主动语态的使用十分普遍。为了解专业期刊对写作风格的规定,有人随机抽查了500份医学和生物学英文期刊的“读者须知”。统计表明,82%的期刊没有文风方面的规定。可见,为简洁、清楚地表达研究成果,在论文摘要的撰写中不应刻意回避第一人称和主动语态。科技论文撰写格式Commonusedsentencesinabstractwriting:1.Thispaperintroduce(s)propose(s)present(s)describe(s)discuss(s)deal(s)withfocus(es)onshow(s)2.Inthispaper,…is(are)introduced.科技论文撰写格式3.Thispaper(article)isconcernedwith(aimedat、intendedto)thestudy(determinationof)4.Itistheaim(intend、purpose)ofthispapertodiscuss(present、describe)5.Thechiefaim(mainpurpose、primaryobject)ofthispaperisto…6.…has(have)concluded(gained、obtained、yielded、arrivedat、generated、acquired)7.Thisresult(fact、demonstration、illustration、classification、comparison、analyses)gives(shows)…科技论文撰写格式8.Theapproachisbasedon…9.Conditionsareconsideredfor…10.Therequiredfor…isneeded11.Theformulasisderivedfor…accordingto…12.Testhasbeencarriedouttostudy…13.Thesimulationisperformedusing…14.Theresultofthisstudycanbegeneralizedfor…15.Resultfor…arefoundtobeclosetotheexperimentaldata.科技论文撰写格式实例1：一种适合硬件实现的高效算术编码摘要：本文提出了利用查找来实现二值算术编码，避免乘除法运算，可以简化硬件设计，该算法具有较小的概率逼近误差，因此性能退化较小。Abstract:Inthispaper,weproposeanewimplementationofmultiplication---freebinaryarithmeticcodingbyuseoftablelookupwhichreducethecomplexityofhardwaredesign.TheschemecanbeshowntohavebetterApproximationoftheusedprobabilitymodelandtohaveMinorperformancedegradation.科技论文撰写格式实例2：快速概率分析进化算法及其性能研究摘要：概率分析进化算法是最近几年发展起来的一类新的构造性进化算法。本文介绍了其产生背景和基本原理，分析了复杂概率模型导致的计算复杂性，在此基础上提出快速概率分析进化算法的概念和算法模型。文中给出了Bayes网络作为概率模型，爬山算法作为快速搜索技术的算法实例，实验结果验证了快速概率进化算法是具有很好的性能。Abstract：Thispaperdiscussestheprobabilisticmodelevolutionaryalgorithmswhichareaclassofnewalgorithmsproposedrecently.Afterintroducingtheoriginalandtheprinciplesoftheseclassesofalgorithms,thepaperanalyzesthecomplexcomputationcausedbythecomplexmodels.Basedonthis,anewfastevolutionaryalgorithmbasedonprobabilisticmodelsisproposed.Also,afastalgorithmwhichusestheBayesnetworkmodelcombinedwiththeclimbing-hillsearchingisrealized.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthenewalgorithmhasquick,reliableandaccurateperformance.EI文摘要求摘要一般符合2个要求就可以被EI收录。1.专业对口2.英文文摘符合要求具体要求如下：1.文摘要尽量简短。取消不必要的字句：如”Itisreported…”“Extensiveinvestigationsshowthat…”“Theauthordiscusses…”“Thispaperconcernedwith…”；文摘开头的”Inthispaper,”一些不必要的修饰词，如“indetail”、“briefly”、“here”、“new