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志鸿教育《国际音标》教材(一)音标概念知识1.音素:音素是语音的最小单位。2.音素的分类:元音和辅音。3.音素的个数:共48个,元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。4.音标:记录音素的符号叫做音标。5.国际音标:国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标,用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。6、元音和辅音的定义:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。7、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:Aa[ei]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]Gg[d3i:]Hh[eit∫]Ii[ai]Jj[d3ei]Kk[kei]Ll[el]Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[əu]Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[ɑ:]Ss[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:]Ww[′d∧blju:]Xx[eks]Yy[wai]Zz[zi:][zed]以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:1)含元音音素[ei]字母:AaHhJjKk音标:[ei][eit∫][d3ei][kei]2)含元音音素[i:]字母:BbCcDdEeGgPpTtVv音标:[bi:][si:][di:][i:][d3i:][pi:][ti:][vi:]3)含元音音素[e]字母:FfLlMmNnSsXxZz音标:[ef][el][em][en][es][eks][zed]4)含元音音素[ju:]字母:UuQqWw音标:[ju:][kju:][`d∧blju:]5)含元音音素[ai]字母:IiYy音标:[ai][wai]记忆口诀:单元音共十二,四二六前中后双元音也好背,合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握(二)分类元音:12个单元音长元音[a:][ә:][i:][ɔ:][u:]短元音[Λ][ә][i][ɔ][u][æ][e]8个双元音[ai][ei][ɔi][iә][eә]uә][au][әu]辅音:10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][∫][t∫][tr][θ][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][3][d3][dr][ð][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][η]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]元音12个单元音长元音[a:][ә:][i:][ɔ:][u:]短元音[Λ][ә][i][ɔ][u][æ][e]8个双元音[ai][ei][ɔi][iә][eә][uә][au][әu]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][∫][t∫][tr][θ][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][3][d3][dr][ð][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][η]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]三、元音音标学习元音:形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声。英语里共有20个元音(单元音12个,双元音8个)。Lesson1元音[i][ә][ɔ:][ɔ]学习[i:]长元音,嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽力向上张开,嘴角向两边张开,流露出微笑的表情,与字母E发音相同。发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyayi:pigfishinfifteensixshipthine:beginbehindjacketbasketbally:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunnylovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainyey:monkeymoneyay:SundaySaturdayFriday绕口令:1.canyouseethegreenleavesofeachtreeinthefield?2.Acheapsheepischeaperthanacheapship3.Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theseashellsshesellsareseashellssheissure.4.Sillysheepweepandsleep.Willie'sreallyweary(疲倦的).练习:根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1.sofasitkicklip2.inkgiftjamship3.handpicturebigsister4.hotlickpigjelly[i]短元音,嘴型微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,嘴型扁平发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyayi:pigfishinfifteensixshipthine:beginbehindjacketbasketbally:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunnylovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainyey:monkeymoneyay:SundaySaturdayFriday绕口令:1.Bequick!Bequick!We’llgotothecinema.Whatisit?Itisaticket2.Alittlepillmaywellcureagreatill.3.Sixshiningcities,sixshiningcities,sixshiningcities.4.Sixsicksea-serpents(大海蛇)swamthesevenseas.练习:根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1.sofasitkicklip2.inkgiftjamship3.handpicturebigsister4.hotlickpigjell[ә:]舌身平放,舌中部稍微抬起,成自然状态,口半开半闭.发长音发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorer:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld练习:根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm[ә]口半开半闭,牙床较张开,舌身平放,舌中部稍微抬起,成自然状态,发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeure:pictureer:teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina练习:根据发音规则,找出发[ә]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。1.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleaderLesson2音标[ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u][ɔ:]双唇向外突出成圆形,稍稍收圆,介于开闭,圆唇之间发这个音的字母和字母组合aawaloroora:wateraw:drawstrawberryal:ballwallor:horsecornforkorshortoor:floordoor练习:根据发音规则,找出发[ɔ:]的1个单词写在后面的横线上。1.tallbirdbreadpoor2.ideachairsporthare3.cakebearwalkcup4.drinkshortbagmilk[ɔ]口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩。发这个音的字母和字母组合oao:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlonga:watch练习:根据发音规则,找出发[ɔ:]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirl[u:]双唇成圆形,双唇向前突出,牙床近于半合。发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouio:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontooui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrude练习:根据发音规则,找出不发[u:]的单词。1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatch[u]双唇成圆形,稍向前突出,牙床近于半合。舌尖不触下齿,舌后部向软颚抬起,舌身后缩。发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouo:womanwolfoo:lookgoodbookfootwoodu:bullbullet根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcooknameLesson3音标[a:][Λ][æ][e][a:]牙床大开,口张大,双唇张开而不圆。舌身平放舌尖后缩,舌后微升,舌身微离下齿。发这个音的字母和字母组合aaraueara:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastar:carstararmMarchgardendarkscarfau:laughauntear:heart练习:根据发音规则,圈出发[a:]的2个单词。1.armlipdoctorcard2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger4.joblorryMarchpark[Λ]双唇平放,牙床半开,开口程度和[æ]相似,双唇向两旁平伸。发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooouo:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusou:touchcousincountry练习:根据发音规则,找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher[æ]舌前部最低,双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平牙床开的最大。软颚升起,唇自然开放发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:dadcapcatbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmap练习:根据发音规则,找出每组中发[æ]的单词。1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapple[e]舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,舌后接近硬颚,比[i:]低。发这个音的字母和字母组合eeae:eggbelldesklegpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfast练习:1.根据发音规则,找出每组中不发[e]的单词。1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy2.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在()里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇()1.hatfastcooklast()2.jeepdoorsungum()3.dadcaphandmap()4.starcarcutfrom()5.skirtsheepbirdherLesson4音标[ei][ai][ɔi][au][ei]舌尖抵住下齿,牙床半开半合,发这个音的字母和字母组合aaiaya:cakemakenamegamesnakegatelazyai:raintrainwaitay:dayMayplaytadayway练习:根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。1.facewavesheeptail2.grapeplanenamecoat3.t
本文标题:国际音标教材
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