实用景观专项与街区设计导则

1色彩系统导则2345678910111213141516171819202122232425街道安全2627标识分级2934标识系统35标识系统373839标识系统40标识系统41标识系统42标识系统43导览系统44导览系统45解说系统4647解说系统井盖484950515253545556标识设计导则5759606162城市户外家具及户外设施系统导则63城市户外家具及户外设施系统导则64城市户外家具及户外设施系统导则65城市户外家具及户外设施系统导则6667686970717273747576777879818283848586878889智慧城市Acitycanbedefinedas‘smart’wheninvestmentsinhumanandsocialcapitalandtraditional(transport)andmodern(ICT)communicationinfrastructurefuelsustainableeconomicdevelopmentandahighqualityoflife,withawisemanagementofnaturalresources,throughparticipatoryactionandengagement.(Caragliuetal.2009).ToGildoSeisdedosDomínguez,thesmartcityconceptessentiallymeansefficiency.SmartCity90智慧城市Smartcitiescanbeidentified(andranked)alongsixmainaxesordimensions.Inparticular,theaxesarebased-respectively–ontheoriesofregionalcompetitiveness,transportandICTeconomics,naturalresources,humanandsocialcapital,qualityoflife,participationofcitizensinthegovernanceofcities.ItinsiststhatsmartcitiesaredefinedbytheirinnovationandtheirabilitytosolveproblemsanduseofICTstoimprovethiscapacity.SmartCity919293949596979899100通过全面地生态安全格局分析引导城市空间扩展、定义城市空间结构、指导周边土地利用。将生态基础设施延伸到城市结构内部，与城市绿地系统、雨洪管理、休闲游憩、非机动车道路、遗产保护和环境教育等多种功能相结合。芝加哥罗根广场社区城市设计（UrbanDesignofLoganSquareNeighborhoodofChicago）都市农业、绿色基础设施、社区绿色廊道生态安全格局构建101充分解读场地、地形地貌与环境状况，坚持低影响开发策略。通过土地规划和工程设计途径，将城市水循环系统（包括雨水、地表径流、废水中水管理和利用）融进城市设计，以减少环境恶化，提高环境质量。•应付极端雨洪能力强–可抵御20年一遇洪水•建设成本可以低，易于维护•提升动物栖息地•城市大面积恢复自然景观•绿道慢行系统结合低影响开发和水敏感城市设计（LID,WSUD,SUDS）102滞留Detention下渗Infiltration过滤Filtration雨水收集Rainwaterharvesting新加坡加冷河低影响开发和水敏感城市设计（LID,WSUD,SUDS）103GreenRoof绿色屋面PerviousPavement透水路面InfiltrationTrench渗透沟渠Bioretention生态滞留带BioretentionDrainage生态滤水带PorusPaving透水性多孔铺装低影响开发和水敏感城市设计（LID,WSUD,SUDS）WetPonds湿溏DryPonds干溏GrassSwale生态草沟ConstructedWetland人工湿地低影响开发和水敏感城市设计（LID,WSUD,SUDS）105生态滤水带BioretentionDrainage106透水性多孔铺装PorusPavingBenefits:•reducetheamountof‘impervious’surfacesonyourblock•increasegroundwaterrechargebyallowingthewatertosoakthroughthesoil•improvestormwaterqualitybyfilteringstormwaterandreducingpollutantloads•reducehighflowsenteringthewaterwayfromurbanareascausingstreamerosionandhabitatscouring107DrainageLayoutSurfaceLayoutBenefits：•Preventingerosionofthefiltermedium•Takingupnutrientsandwater•Continuouslybreakingupthemediathroughplantgrowthtopreventcloggingofthesystem•Providingbiofilmsonplantrootsontowhichpollutantscanadsorb.108RaingardensaretypicallylimitedintheirabilitytoreduceTotalNitrogen(TN).Relatingtypicalperformancetoapercentageoftheimperviouscatchment.Bestpracticetargetsaretheremovalof:•45%TN•45%TotalPhosphorus(TP)•80%TotalSuspendedSolids(TSS).雨水花园的土壤净化能力TheSoilPurificationAbilityofTheRaingarden109中央道路和道路绿化可改装成雨水收集器Mediansandvegetatedroadvergescanberetrofittedtoacceptstormwaterfortreatment110生态草沟Vegetatedswalesandbufferstrips111雨水花园草沟RaingardenSwaleAraingardencanbeinstalledinpartofaswale,oralongthefulllengthofaswale,dependingontreatmentrequirements.Typically,thesesystemsshouldbeinstalledwith1-4%slopes.Insteeperareas,checkdamsarerequiredtoreduceflowvelocities.Formilderslopes,it’simportanttoensureadequatedrainageisprovidedtoavoidnuisanceponding(araingardenalongthefulllengthoftheswalewillprovidethisdrainage).Runoffcanbedirectedintoraingardenswaleseitherthroughdirectsurfacerunoff(e.g.withflushkerbs)orfromanoutletofapipesystem.112过滤树池RaingardenTreePitsDifferences•Vegetationselection(i.e.thetreespecies)•Smallerfootprint•Structuralsoilproperties(media)•Landscapefinishes.Considertherelationshipwithsurroundinginfrastructure:•Locationofstreettreestointegratewithexistingstormwaterinfrastructure,inparticular:–locationofstormwaterpits–levelsattheroadsurface–levelsforthestormwaterlinesthatwillreceivetreatedwaterfromstreettreedrainage.•Identificationandlocationofexistingservices（gas,electricity,telecommunication,water,sewerage）.113过滤树池RaingardenTreePitsPlansectionCrosssection114雨水花园Raingarden%passing9.5mm100%6.3mm95-100%3.17mm80-100%1.5mm50-85%0.8mm25-60%0.5mm10-30%0.25mm2-10%%passing1.4mm100%1.0mm80%0.7mm44%0.5mm8.4%Filterlayeristobe600mmdeepandconsistofsandwith80%greaterthan1mmdiameterDrainagelayertobe200mmdeepandconsistof5mmgravel雨水花园RainGarden116湖泊湿地循环系统SystemofRecirculatingBetweenPondandWetlandBenefits:•Particlesedimentation•Adsorptionofnutrientsbyphytoplankton•UVdisinfection.117开阔地雨水收集StormwaterHarvestinginOpenGroundIdeallyInstalledInto:•SportsFields•Parks&Gardens•CarParkingLots•CommunityLandCollectandPurifyStormwaterfrom:•Roads•CarParkingLots•SportFieldsRunoff•UrbanRunoff•Rooftops