英语语法讲解----独立主格结构0

独立主格结构独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.3.Theriverhavingriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.主格名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词）主格名词/代词+形容词1.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdress.主格名词/代词+副词Themeetingbeingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeeting-room.Wetocareforthechildren,youareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.主格名词/代词+不定式主格名词/代词+介词短语OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,papersinhand.with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语一、作时间状语1、Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.2、Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.=Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.二、作原因状语1、Withtheweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.=Theweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.2、Withthekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.三、作条件状语1、Withtimepermitting,we’llvisittheSummerPalace.=Timepermitting,we’llvisittheSummerPalace.2、Withthecargoingwrong,we’llhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.=Thecargoingwrong,we’llhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.四、作伴随状语1、Themotherwascleaningthehousewithherbabyplayingonthebed.=Themotherwascleaningthehouse,herbabyplayingonthebed.2、LastnightIfollowedhim,withaswordinmyhand.=LastnightIfollowedhim,swordinhand.无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：Hesatatthedeskreadingwithapenwasinhisrighthand.with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.高三英语总复习语法系列训练独立主格结构独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。1．表示时间：Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.Ourworkhavingbeenfinished,wewenthome.Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.2．表示原因：ItbeingSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.Theweatherbeingfine,wewentforawalk.Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.3．表示条件：Timepermitting,we’llvisittheSummerPalace.Weatherpermitting,theywillstartatsixtomorrowmorning.4．表示伴随情况或补充说明：LastnightIfollowedhimhere,andclimbedin,swordinhand.Thechildrenweremakingasnowman,handsredwiththecold.Ihaveboughtanewcoat,theoldonebeingwornout.注：这种表示伴随情况的独立结构，有时也可用“with+宾语+分词（或形容词、介词短语）”构成的短语来代替。with+复合宾语一、形式：1．with+名词（或代词）+现在分词Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.Youcan’tleaveherewiththemachinerunning.Withhimtakingchargeofthetask,Ihavenodoubtofitssuccess.Withwintercomingon,it’stimetobuywarmclothes.2．with+名词（或代词）+过去分词Theoldmanwaslisteningtotheradio,withhiseyeshalfclosed.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Withthetreesgrowntall,wecangetmoreshade.Withtheworkfinished,allofuswentoutforawalk.Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.3．with+名词（或代词）+动词不定式Ican’tgooutwithallthesedishestowash.Withsomanybookstoread,Icouldn’tgooutwithyou.Withonlytwominutestogo,theyhurriedtothestation.Withallthisworktodo,Idon’tknowifI’llhavetimetogoout.4．with+名词（或代词）+介词短语Hewalkedalongwithhishatonthebackofhishead.Hesimplystaredatherwiththatpeculiarexpressiononhisface.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Shesawabrookwithredflowersandgreengrassonbothsides.5．with+名词（或代词）+形容词Themanwassleepingwiththewindowopen.Themotherdoesn’tallowherchildtotalkwithhismouthfull.6．with+名词（或代词）+副词WithJohnaway,we’vegotmoreroom.TheEmperorwalkedinthemiddleoftheprocessionwithnothingon.Thestudentlistenedtohisteacherwithhisheaddown.Withtheteacherthere,hecan’twrite.二、功能：1．作状语表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：Thedayisbright,withafreshbreezeblowing.Withthreepeopleawayill,we’llhavetoclosetheofficethisafternoon.Whatalonelyworlditwouldbewithyouaway.2．作定语（with相当于having,该结构可改成带有have的定语从句）Thenewbuildingwithitswindowsfacingsouthisouroffice.Somewerepoor,withnotevenaraincoattoprotectthemfromtheweather.Theyoungmanworeashirtwiththeneckopen,showinghisbarechest.