英语语言学 习题

1英语语言学课外单元练习（1）language1.Statethenatureoflanguagebrieflywithexamples.2.Whyisitsaidthatthelanguagesystemisuniquetohumanbeings?3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofhumanlanguage?4.Whatarethesocialfunctionsoflanguage?5.Doanimalsotherthanhumanshavetheirownlanguages?6.Exemplifyhowanimalscommunicatewitheachother.7.Canlanguagebeviewedonlyasasystemofcommunication?Whynot?8.Howdidlanguagecomeintobeing?Whatistherelationshipbetweentheoriginoflanguageandtheoriginofhumanbeings?9.Rewriteeachofthefollowinglistsofwordsintonaturalorder.（1）Five/the/fresh/potatoes（2）Pretty/American/girls/thetwo（3）Airlines/brand/France-made/new/thetwo（4）Fashions/Chinese/the/latest/three（5）Beginning/hardworking/two/the/workers10.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwords.（1）_______functionmeanslanguagecanbeusedto“do”things.（2）_______functionmeanstheuseoflanguagetorevealsomethingaboutthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker.（3）Mostimperativesentencesareassociatedwith_______function.（4）Thesentence“What’sitlike?”shows______function.（5）Greetingsshows_______function.（6）“Wearemostgratefulforthis.”shows______function.（7）Propagandashows________function.（8）________referstocontextsremovedfromtheimmediateofthespeaker.（9）For________,referenceisnottheonly,noteventheprimarygoalofcommunication.（10）Halliday’smetafunctionsinclude________,___________,_____________.（11）Linguisticsshouldincludeatleastfiveparameters:___________________________________________________________..11.Saythefollowingaretrueorfalse.Ifitisfalsecorrectit（1）Languagedistinguishesusfromanimalsbecauseitisfarmoresophisticatedthananyanimalscommunicationsystem.（2）Thereisnotacertaindegreeofcorrespondencebetweenthesequenceofclausesandtheactualhappenings.（3）Thetheoriesdiscussedinthetextbookabouttheoriginsoflanguagearenotatmostaspeculation.（4）Thedefinition,“Languageisatoolforhumancommunication.”hasnoproblem.（5）Thedefinition,“languageisasetofrules”,tellsnothingaboutitsfunctions.（6）Hall,likeSapir,treatslanguageasapurelyhumaninstitution.（7）Chomsky’sdefinitionaboutlanguageisthesameasSapir’s.英语语言学课外单元练习（2）Linguistics1.Explainthefollowingdefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Whatarethemajorbranchesoflinguistics?Whatdoeseachofthemstudy?Whatmakesmodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?Pointoutthreeaspects.3.Ismodernlinguisticsmainlysynchronicor2diachronic?Why?4.Whichenjoyspriorityinmodernlinguistics,speechorwriting?Why?5.HowisSaussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparolesimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?6.Whatcharacteristicsoflanguagedoyouthinkshouldbeincludedinagood,comprehensivedefinitionoflanguage?7.WhatfeaturesofhumanlanguagehavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanyanimalcommunicationsystem?8.Whatisthemaintaskforalinguist?Statetheimportanceoflinguistics.9.Whyis“duality”regardedasanimportantfeatureofhumanlanguage?10.Fillintherightwordaccordingtotheexplanations.（1）_____________thescientificstudyoflanguage.（2）_____________thestudyoftheinterlinguisticrelationshipsamongdifferentlinguisticelementsoflanguage.（3）____________thestudyofuniversalfeaturesoflanguage（4）____________thestudyofaparticularlanguageattheparticularpointoftime.（5）____________thestudyofthestructureandboththesyntacticandsemanticrulesofalanguage（6）thestudyoftherulesorprinciplesprescribedforpeopletofollowwhentheyusealanguage.（7）___________thestudyoflanguageisrelationtoothersciences（8）thestudyofthenatureofhumanlanguageandthehumanmindthroughthestudyoftheU.G.11.Saythefollowingaretrueorfalse.Ifitisfalsecorrectit.（1）SociolinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguagetoPsychology.（2）Inmodernlinguistics,synchronicstudyseemstoenjoypriorityoverdiachronicstudy.（3）Inthepast,traditionalgrammarianstendedtoover-emphasizetheimportanceofthewrittenword.（4）Langueisrelativelystable,itdoesnotchangefrequently.（5）Performanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.（6）Saussure’sdistinctiontookasociologicalviewoflanguageandhisnotionoflangueisamatterofsocialconventions.（7）Earlygrammarswerebasedon“high”（religious,literary）writtenlanguage.（8）Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledappliedlinguistics.（9）Languageisacomplicatedentitywithmultiplelayersandfacets.（10）Toexplainwhatlanguageisseemstobeanaïveandsimplequestion.（11）Languagebearscertainfeaturesdistinguishingitfrommeansofcommunicationotherformsoflifemaypossess,suchasbirdsongsandbeedances.英语语言学课外单元练习（3）Phonetics1.Whatarethetwomajormediaofcommunication?Ofthetwo,whichoneisprimaryandwhy?2.Whatarethethreebranchesofphonetics?Howdotheycontributetothestudyofspeechsounds?3.Drawapictureforthespeechorgansofhumanbeings.4.Wherearethearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingcontained?5.Whatisvoicingandhowisitcaused?6.WhatcriteriaareusedtoclassifyEnglishvowels?7.Whatisthefunctionofthenasalcavity?Howdoesitperformthefunction?38.Describethevariouspartsintheoralcavitywhichareinvolvedintheproductionofspeechsounds?9.Explainwithexampleshowbroadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscriptiondiffer?10.HowaretheEnglishconsonantsandvowelsclassified?11.Givethephoneticsymbolforeachofthefo