小学英语语法名词的讲解及练习

1名词大闯关姓名：日期：第一讲：名词的分类一.名词的意义和种类1.名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如：Shanghai,Lilei,desk2.名词的种类：A.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如：Jim,June,China,Harbin.注意：(1)第一个字母要大写；(2)专有名词前不加冠词，也没有复数。B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。(1)个体名词：表单个的人或者事物。如：boy,teacher,apple…(2)集体名词：表一群人或一些事物的总称。如：family,people,police,class…(3)物质名词：表无法分为个体的物质。如：water,money,sea…(4)抽象名词：表抽象概念的词。如：health,friendship…第二讲：名词的数A.可数名词（个体名词和集体名词）：有单复数之分1.规则变化情况构成读音例词一般的词＋s浊辅音[z]清辅音[s]day-daysdesk-desks以s,sh,ch,x＋es[iz]match-matchesboss-bosses2批注1：o结尾的名词顺口溜1）黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）从火山（volcano）上走过，烤熟了带着的西红柿（tomato）、土豆（potato）和芒果（mango）。或：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，外加一个大芒果。2）其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。2.不规则变化（1）常见的有：a-eman-men,fisherman-fishermen,woman-womenoo-eefoot-feet,goose-geese,tooth-teethmouse-mice(老鼠),child-children,ox--oxen(公牛)（2）单复数同型:deerfishsheep批注：①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。如：Helpyourselftosomefish.（鱼肉）Howmanyfishesarethereintheriver?（鱼的种类）（3）表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下：(中日不变)aChinese---twoChinese;aJapanese---fourJapanese(英法变)anEnglishman---eightEnglishmen;anFrenchman---nineFrenchmen结尾以辅音＋y结尾改y为i＋es[z]baby-babiesfly-flies以f/fe结尾改f为v＋es[z]wife-wivesleaf-leaves以o结尾＋es[z]Negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato,tomato,mango（芒果）＋s[z]除了以上六个以o结尾的单词，其他以o结尾的加s3(其他S加后面)aGerman---fiveGermans;aAustralian--twoAustralians（4）有些名词通常只有复数形式，谓语动词也用复数，这些名词有：glasses,clothes,trousers,如果想表达数量时，需要用量词。如：apairofshoes/glasses,threepairsofshoes/glassesTheshoesaretoobig.Thispairofshoesistoobig.Thesepairsofshoesaretoobig.（5）姓氏是专有名词，姓氏后面加-s，表示“一家”。theBlacks布莱克一家theWhites怀特一家B.不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）一般用单数形式。1.不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thefoodisveryfresh.食品很新鲜。2.不可数名词需要用数量来表示时，遵循以下结构：数词+量词+of+不可数名词，如：acupofcoffeethreecupsofcoffee类似的短语有：abowlofnoodles(一碗面）apieceofpaper（一张纸）apacketofsweets（一包糖）aboxofapples（一箱苹果）apairofshoes（一双鞋）abottleofmilk（一瓶牛奶）aglassofwater（一杯水）三.复合名词的复数变化规则例：一个男医生amandoctor-----四个男医生fourmendoctors一个女老师awomandoctor-----女老师们womenteachers一个女学生agirlstudent-----三个女学生threegirlstudents一个男朋友aboyfriend----很多男朋友manyboyfriends批注口诀：男人女人都得变，男孩女孩变后面。pencil-box→pencil-boxes铅笔盒bookshop→bookshops4名词的数大闯关：姓名：分数：一．圈出下列单词中的不可数名词。（题目数：错数：）peachmilkwaterzoosistercoffeeknifetimeteaorangemeatjeepcarteacherbreadearcolawatermelonriceorangejuicelovemoney二．给出下列名词的复数形式。（题目数：错误数：）1.watch__________2.class__________3.shelf__________4.dog__________5.dish__________6.child__________7.nurse__________8.desk__________9.boy__________10.baby__________11.tooth_________12.eye__________13.sheep_________14.tomato_______15.Chinese_________16.goose_________17.photo________18.Frenchman_________19.box20.mango21.wife22.fish23.deer24.Swiss25.hero26.negro27.potato28.mice29.ox30.German三．用所给名词的适当形式填空。（题目数：错误数：）1.Howmany(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive(people)inhisfamily.6.Let'stake(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof(tomato)here.58.The(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.9.The(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.10.Their(dictionary)looknew.11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite(hair).12.Theyare(woman)doctors.13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof(orange),please?14.Therearemany(fox)inthepicture.15.Iwouldlikesomeapple(juice).Iamverythirsty.16.Ihavetwo(knife)andthree___________(watch).17.Peterhaseight________(foot).18.Ihelpmymotherwash___________(dish)inthekitchen.19.Ihavealotof___________(toy)inmybedroom.20.Chinese___________(people)liketoeatnoodles.四．翻译。（题目数：错误数：）1.Pat夫妇2.一些水3.许多人4.三个小孩5.一个苹果6.三天7.一只胖老鼠，四只瘦老鼠8.一只狗，三只羊，五条鱼9.一个男医生，三个女医生10.一个男朋友，三个女朋友11.一片面包12.一箱苹果13.一双鞋14.一杯果汁15.一杯茶16.两条新闻17.八碗面条18.三张纸19.一包薯条20.一瓶牛奶6五．用恰当的be动词填空。（题目数：错误数：）1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.7.How_______yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______they?11.That______myredskirt.12.Who______I?13.Thejeans______onthedesk.14.Here______ascarfforyou.15.Here______somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.21.Mysister'sname______Nancy.22.This______notWangFang'spencil.23.______DavidandHelenfromEngland?24.There______agirlintheroom.25.There______someapplesonthetree.26._______thereanykitesintheclassroom?727._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28.There_______somebreadontheplate.29.There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You,heandI______fromChina.第三讲：名词的所有格A.有生命的名词所有格：名词＋’s例：Tom’ssister；Children’sDay；Women’sDay以s结尾＋’例：教师办公室teachers’officeTeachers’DayB.无生命的名词所有格：一般用of短语构成词组，例：房间的门thedooroftheroomC.省略’s后的名词时，常代指“家、工作场所”，例：在诊所atthedoctor’s,在外婆家atmygrandmother’s，attheGreen’s在格林家批注：theGreens格林一家人D.共有的格，后面名词＋’s：Joan和Jane的房间（共一间）JoanandJane’sroomisbeautiful.各有的格，每个名词＋’s：Joan和Jane的房间（每人一间）Joan’sandJane’sroomsarebeautiful.名词的所有格大闯关：一．汉译英。（题目数：错误数：）1.Lucy的汽车2.我的朋友3他们的书4.她的朋友5.桌子的腿6.房间的门7.Lily的朋友8.教师节9.妇女节10.儿童节811.Tom和Tim的房间(共有）12.Lucy和Lily的老师（不共用）二．单项选择。（题目数：错误数：）()1．Thisis_______room.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.Luc