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ScienceandTechnologyPoliciesResearchCenterMiddleEastTechnicalUniversityAnkara06531Turkey:AnEmpiricalInvestigationUsingPatentDataMügeÖzmanScienceandTechnologyPoliciesResearchCentreMiddleEastTechnicalUniversityBreadthandDepthofMainTechnologyFields:AnempiricalinvestigationusingpatentdataMugeOzmanMiddleEastTechnicalUniversityScienceandTechnologyPolicyStudiesResearchCentree-mail:ozman@cournot.u-strasbg.frJune6,2007AbstractRecentlyworkontechnologicalchangehasemphasizedtheimportanceandimplicationsofdi¤erentknowledgebasesamongindustriesintermsofinnova-tivepotential.Insomeindustries,productsandprocesseshavebecomemorecomplex,aswellasthereappearstobeincreasedconvergenceinsomemarketsegments.Althoughincreasingattentionhasbeengiventofeaturesofknowl-edgebases,therehavebeenlimitedempiricalresearchonhowtomeasurethem.Inthispaperamethodisproposedtomeasureempiricallythebreadthanddepthdimensionsofmaintechnology elds,sectorsand rmsintheeconomy.Forthispurpose,wemeasuretheknowledgebasesof30maintechnology eldsbyusingtheconceptsofbreadthanddepth.Breadthcorrespondstotherangeofdi¤erentsubjectsthatatechnology elddrawsupon.Depthreferstotheextenttowhichacertain eldisexploitedindetail.Wepositionthemaintech-nology eldsinthebreadthanddepthspacebyutilizingtheEPO(EuropeanPatentO¢ce)databasebetween1978-2000.Wealsopresenttheevolutionofbreadthanddepththroughtime,aswellasthebreadthanddepthdimensionsof40largest rmsinbiotechnologyandtelecommunications.Ourresultsrevealthatthebothtechnology eldsand rmsarelargelyscatteredinthebreadthanddepthspace.Biotechnologystandsouttohavethehighestbreadthanddepth.KeyWords:Patents,Breadthanddepth,technology elds,knowledgebase.11IntroductionRecently,workontechnologicalchangehasemphasizedtheimportanceandimplica-tionsofdi¤erentnatureofknowledgebasesofbothindustriesand rmsintermsoftheire¤ectoninnovativeperformance(NestaandSaviotti,2004)andorganizationalstructure(Orsenigoetal.,2000;DosiandHobday,1999;Prencipe,2000;BrusoniandPrencipe,2000;Ozman,2005;Cowanetal.,2004).Researchinthisareasug-geststhatinsomeindustries,productsandprocesseshavebecomemorecomplex,aswellasthereappearstobeincreasedconvergenceinsomemarketsegments,whichobviouslyinuencesthee¢cientchoiceoforganizationalstructure.Forexampletheliteratureoncomplexproductsystemsstressestheimportanceoftheharmonybe-tweencomplexityinproductsandorganizationstructure.Inaddition,anexpandingareaofresearchisconcernedwiththecharacteristicsoftheknowledgebaseof rmsaswellasindustries,drawingadistinctionbetweentechnologyandproductboundaries(BrusoniandPrencipe;2000;Brusonietal.,2001).NestaandSaviotti(2004)analysethediversityandcoherenceofknowledgebaseofpharmaceutical rmsandconcludethatbothhasapositiveandsigni canceinuenceoninnovativeperformanceofthe rm.Intheliterature,complexityintheknowledgebasehavebeentakeninvariousways.Oneofthecommonlyusedframeworksisrelatedtothenumberofcomponentsandinterdependenceamongthem(Simon,1969;ZanderandKogut,1995;Kau¤man,1993)Amongthese,WangandTunzelmann(2000)de netwodimensionsofcomplex-ityasbreadthanddepth.Complexityindepthreferstoanalyticalsophisticationofasubjectwhichbecomescomplexbecauseofthecognitivedi¢cultyinpushingtheparticularmattertoitslogicalextremes(p.806).Whereascomplexityinbreadthreferstotherangeofareasthathavebeeninvestigatedtodevelopaparticularsub-ject.Inshortdepthisconcernedwiththelevelofsophisticationandbreadthisconcernedwiththelevelofheterogeneity.De nedinthisway,productcomplexityinbreadthreferstotheembodimentofalargernumberofcomponents/assemblieswhichmakesupaproduct,whereasdepthdimensionreferstothedegreeofcognitive2complexityembodiedinthesecomponents.Thereforechangesincomplexityinonedimensiondoesnotnecessarilyinuencecomplexityintheother.Althoughincreasingattentionhasbeengiventothecharacteristicsofknowledgebasesinrecentyears,therehavebeenrelativelylimitedattemptstomeasurefeaturesoftheknowledgebasesempirically.Thispaperisanattemptinthisregard.Itisbelievedthatempiricalresearchinthisareaisverylimitedandhighlyvaluable,topermitstudyingthee¤ectofknowledgebasesoninnovativeperformanceandalsoorganizationalstructures.Theaimofthepaperistopresentamethodologytomeasurethebreadthanddepthdimensionsofmaintechnology elds,andapplythismethodologyto30maintechnology elds.Thesamemethodologyisusedtomeasurethebreadthanddepthdimensionsof40largest rmsinbiotechnologyandtelecommunicationssectors.Inthecontextofthestudy,thefollowingquestionsareaddressed:Howhavetheknowl-edgebasesofthemaintechnology eldsevolvedovertime?Howdo rmscomparetoeachotherintermsofthebreadthanddepthoftheirknowledgebases?Toaddresstheabovequestions,thepatentdocumentistakentobeaproductofinnovatione¤orts,andthemaintechnology eldsarepositionedinthebreadthanddepthspacebyutilizingtheEPOdatabasebetween1978-2000.Ameasureofbreadthanddepthisconstructedforeachpatenttakeninthementionedperiodaccordingtotechnology eld.The rstpartofthepaperisconcernedwiththedescriptionofhowbreadthand
本文标题:Breadth and Depth of Main Technology Fields - An E
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