您好,欢迎访问三七文档
过去分词不定式现在分词非谓语动词动名词-ing形式过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,在语态上侧重于被动;现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,在语态上侧重于主动。名称主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语动词的句法功能√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式进行式完成式不定式的三种时态形式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone以do为例一般式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生。进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。完成式表示不定式的动作先于谓语动词。语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式动名词的时态和语态形式makingbeingmadehavingmadehavingbeenmade以make为例语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式现在分词作状语的时态和语态形式makingbeingmadehavingmadehavingbeenmade以make为例1.非谓语的否定放在非谓语动词之前Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking.Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.HewasveryunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtothepartyHernotpassingtheexamsmadehisparentsangry.Heapologizedforhisnotbeingabletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.不定式[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问词+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语,如:whattodo,wheretogohowtogetthere,whomtoask,whentostop以下词后可以接不定式特殊结构tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain不定式的作用宾语[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因为主语是thepurpose,在(purpose,wish,promise,plan)后常跟不定式,故表语要用不定式,to不能省略,因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型,故选B。不定式的作用表语[例3]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配,因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式,表示“想,希望”,而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有:mean,hope,plan,expect,intend,wantImeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.=Ihadmeanttotelephone不定式的完成式不定式的时态[例4]NMET2002第14题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen例如:ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.B不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.不定式的被动语态不定式的语态不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式,①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外,not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补,只有少数动词(五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat;三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等)须接不带to的不定式做宾补。不定式的否定形式过去分词1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法,A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought.过去分词主要考查句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生,与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.getseparated,gettired过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见表示感觉和心理活动watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,find+sthdone表示使役的动词have,get,keep,make+sthdone表示希望要求的动词like,want,wouldlike,wish+sthdone[例4]NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutCV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语,这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing(现在分词)表示顺其自然,不定式表示突然,出乎意料。如:Hedroppedthecup,breakingitintopieces.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的区别Thehousebeingbuiltnowwillbeournewlibrary.Thehousebuiltlastyearisournewlibrary.Thehousetobebuiltnextyearwillbeournewlibrary.现在分词作定语表示正在进行或是一种状态。动名词作定语表示名词的性质或用途thesleepingcarthesleepingboythedancinghallthedancinggirl现在分词作状语1.Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.Whentheyheardthenews,2.Beingill,hewasunabletogotoschool.Ashewasill,3.Shestoodthere,waitingforthebus.Shestoodthereandwaitingforthebus.4.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Ifyouworkhard,5.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,6.Hedied,leavingnothingbutdebts.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remembertodo记住要做某事;rememberdoing记得曾经做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记曾经做过某事stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing继续做原来在做的事meantodo打算,想,意欲做某事meandoing意味着trytodo努力,试图做某事trydoing尝试做某事regrettodo遗憾,后悔去做某事regretdoing后悔做过某事can’thelpdo不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事论文查重大の起色。那各结果让他更加后悔、内疚。以前只晓得她骨瘦如柴、弱别禁风,现在才晓得她简直就是脆弱得别堪壹碰,任何风吹草动都能将她打垮、压塌。可是,她又是那么の顽强,每壹次都坚强地挺过咯难关。求菩萨保佑,真心希望她那壹次也能尽快渡过难关,赶快把身子养好咯。虽然他很关心她の病情,但是他是爷,他别好意思频频前来探望。另外还有壹各更重要の原因,他也别想再跟吉尔有任何の接触,即使他到现在都没什么搞清楚水清为啥啊昏倒の,但是他完全可以肯定地判断,壹切の源头都来自于那天早晨の那场意外。第壹卷第587章回避那场意外让他每每回想来都是后悔别迭!确实,他和吉尔两人の样子任谁都会误会。虽然他已经向水清解释过咯那是壹场意外,但是眼看着她の病情别见起色,更是让他愧疚别已,就更是让他急于撇清与吉尔の关系,所以他宁可别来探望她,也别想再与吉尔碰面。否则那场误会将会越来越深,而他则下定决心,坚决别能允许事态再度恶化下去。于是他每天吩咐咯秦顺儿早晚两次前去询问侧福晋の病情,再给他汇报回去。每每听着秦顺儿の汇报,他の心情也随着她の病情壹样地过山车,壹会儿好,壹会儿坏。三天の时间过得很
本文标题:高二英语非谓语动词
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5733987 .html