苯-甲苯连续精馏塔毕业设计

本科生毕业设计（论文）I摘要本次设计的题目是苯-甲苯连续精馏塔的设计。精馏塔是化工及石油生产中最常用的单元操作设备之一。化工生产常需进行二元液相混合物的分离以达到提纯或回收有用组分的目的，精馏是利用液体混合物中各组分挥发度的不同并借助于多次部分汽化和多次部分冷凝达到轻重组分分离目的的方法。精馏操作在化工、石油化工、轻工等工业生产中占有重要的地位。为此，掌握气液相平衡关系，熟悉各种塔型的操作特性，对选择、设计和分析分离过程中的各种参数是非常重要的。在工艺计算中，首先是进行物料衡算，确定了进料温度，各组分在塔顶、塔底的预分配，塔顶、塔底温度，然后计算实际塔板数，并确定进料位置，最后确定主要工艺尺寸，在机械设计部分中，首先是选择塔体材料，然后是按设计压力确定筒体与封头有效壁厚，然后是计算各种载荷，最后计算塔体的自振周期，风载荷与风弯矩，塔体稳定性与强度较核，塔体水压实验应力验算，裙座验算，基础环设计，基础螺栓计算，焊接结构设计，塔顶振幅及开孔补强。本次设计苯-甲苯连续精馏塔的优点有：生产能力大，结构简单，塔板效率高，方便操作、调节和检修。关键词：筛板塔，强度，开孔补强。本科生毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractThetipicdesignedisBenzene-Toluenecontinuousdistillationtower.Distilltoweriswidelyusedbychemicalindustry,petoleumproductionandsoon.Chemicalproductionoftenrequiretwoyuanofliquidmixtureseparationtoachievethepurificationorrecoveryofusefulcomponentsofthepurpose,distillationistheuseofliquidmixturesofvolatilecomponentsincontrastwiththehelpofrepeatedmanyofvaporizationandcondensationtolightheaviesseparationmethod.Distillationoperationinchemical,petrochemical,lightindustryandotherindustrialproductionplaysanimportantrole.Therefore,masteringthevapor-liquidphaseequilibriumrelations,familiarwiththevarioustypesoftowersoperatingcharacteristics,thechoice,designandanalysisintheprocessofseparationofvariousparametersisveryimportant.Duringthecraftcalculationthematerialbalanceiscaculatedatfirst,throughwhichIcanidentifythecharging-intemperature,howtoantiassigneachconponentwhichisofthetopandthebottomofthetower.Ishallcalculatethenumberoftheactualplatesanddeterminethecharging-inpositionsecondly.IshalldeterminethemainsizeofcraftfinallyDuringthecalcuationofmachinery,Ishallofthetowerbodyatfirst,andcalculatethatboththeeffectivewallthicknessofshellsandheadsaccordingtothepressuredesignedsecondly.Finally,Ishallcalculatethecycleofthetowerbody,theloadofwind,themomentofwind,theloadofearthquake,themomentofearthquake,andcheckthestabilityandintensityofthetowerbody,andcalculatethestressintheexperimentofthewater-pressureofthetowerbodyabout,andcalculatetheskirt,anddesignthebasicring,andcalculatethebasicbolt,anddesigntheweldingstructure,andcalculateamplitudeonthetopofthetower,andchecktheopeningreinforce.DesigntherequesttoBenzene-Toluenecontinuousdistillationtowerequipmentoriginallytime:Stagnanttowerinnerliquidliquidamountsarebigger,towerboardefficiencyasksheavypressure,handlingamountsshouldbebig,selectingandusingafloatvalvetherefore.Keywords:Thedistillationtower,Strength,Opentheboretorepairstong.本科生毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章绪论..........................................................................................................11.1塔设备的作用和地位................................................................................11.2塔设备工作原理........................................................................................11.3塔设备的分类及结构................................................................................11.4对塔设备的要求........................................................................................31.5塔设备的用材............................................................................................31.6塔设备的选型............................................................................................3第2章方案确定与塔设备的估价..........................................................................52.1塔设备的选型............................................................................................52.2基本参数的确定........................................................................................62.2.1设计压力.........................................................................................62.2.2进料状态.........................................................................................62.2.3加热剂和加热状态.........................................................................62.3塔设备的估价条件和投资价格估计........................................................6第3章工艺设计计算..........................................................................................113.1物料衡算..................................................................................................113.2常压下苯-甲苯气液平衡组成与温度的关系.........................................123.3最小回流比的确定..................................................................................153.4适宜回流比R和理论塔板层数TN的确定............................................163.5塔板效率和实际塔板层数TN的确定....................................................173.5.1塔板效率TE的确定......................................................................173.5.2实际塔板数PN的确定.................................................................183.5.3进料板位置的确定.......................................................................183.6工艺尺寸的确定......................................................................................193.6.1物料参数的确定...........................................................................193.6.2液相平均粘度计算.......................................................................213.6.3液相平均密度计算.......................................................................223.6.4液体平均表面张力计算...............................................................233.7气相液相页面的计算.........................