初中英语-语法填空解题方法

专题训练语法填空Teacher:MissAgree题型概说时态语态非谓语动词情态动词动词词组连词从句副词代词冠词介词倒装习语交际用语2004211113111122005221122111220062211211122常用的动词与动词搭配时态语态非谓语动词情态动词动词词组连词从句副词代词冠词介词倒装习语交际用语200711212111解题技巧在做语法填空题时,可以用一种“自上而下”的思路去思考答案。即可以从“篇章，句子，词汇”三个层面去考虑。一、整体了解文章主旨，把握语篇特征二、理解句子意思，分析句子结构三、根据篇、句意思，推敲用词形式四、通篇重读，保证语意贯通五、单词归纳整体了解文章主旨，把握语篇特征1、文章主旨要义理解，2、作者观点、意图、立场3、句与句之间的关系正确理解上下文的意思及各种语篇标志。（因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等）4、时态变换首先要通读文章,了解文段中谈及的要点发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及其关系等,文章的意思决定了选词。其次,要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图、立场,如:作者同意什么,反对什么,喜好什么,憎恶什么,主张什么等等,这种理解直接影响你的填词决定。句与句之间的关系是另一重要方面。你必须要正确理解上下文的意思及各种语篇标志。例如:上下文是如何衔接的,上下文的意思是因果关系,还是转折关系、或是递进关系等。最后是你做题前,要特别关注整篇文章的时态变换。要把有关的表示时空顺序的标志词及时间状语画出来,看看是否发生了变化,为什么发生变化。理解句子意思，分析句子结构了解文章整体意思后,必须看清各个句子的意思,尤其是含有空格的句子的意思。分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。一个句子的最关键词是它的主要谓语动词及其相应主语,这一套主谓结构就是该句的主句。其他成分,如宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等都是附加成分。做题时，首先弄清楚句子的基本结构，确定“主谓宾”成分，看看该句子缺不缺少谓语动词。然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他扩展成分。此外，我们还可以用其他方法来分析句子的结构，确定填什么词。1）翻译提示法有时候,对句子的翻译会大大提高我们的正确答题率,如:anJumpingoutof_____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite______excitingexperience.从一万英尺高的一架飞机上跳下来是一次非常令人兴奋的经历。anWhichdoyouenjoy______(spend)yoursparetime,playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?分析:此句根据意群可分成Whichdoyouenjoy及______yoursparetime和playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark三块,enjoy的宾语是playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark,而___yoursparetime部分应该是一个表示目的不定式。2）意群切分法意群就是句子中根据逻辑关系和语法结构,有一定独立性的,可以切割开的更小的部分。解题时,将句子的意群分离清楚并理顺其逻辑关系,有助于确定正确答案。如:Whichdoyouenjoy______(spend)yoursparetime,playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?tospendenjoydoingsthThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______(carryout)thenextyear.3）结构还原法由于汉英结构的差别,英语句子中的定语、状语的位置往往与其所修饰的部分发生分离现象,解题时,将位置发生了变化的结构还原会使解题更容易。Theywouldliketoseetheplan______(carryout)thenextyearseesthdonecarriedoutNomatterhowfrequently_______(perform),theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.4）结构补全法将被省略的部分还原,补充为一个完整的句子。如:分析:将从句中被省略的部分还原为:Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyare______.就不难确定正确答案为performed。performedThecountrylifehewasusedto______(change)greatlysince1992.5）简化结构法去掉插入语、修饰语、附加结构、某些从句等,将原本比较复杂的句子简化,有助于我们看清句子结构。Thecountrylifehewasusedto______(change)greatlysince1992.haschanged分析:如果我们去掉countrylife的定语从句hewasusedto,将原句简化为Thecountrylife______greatlysince1992.那么可以确定正确答案为haschanged。Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______(notmake)itmoredifficult.6）结构对比法某些句子结构的前后部分往往包含完全相同或者平衡的语法结构,我们可以通过对前后结构的类比辨析来确定正确答案。如;nottomakeThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______(notmake)itmoredifficult.nottomake分析:本句考查的是互相比较的两个动词不定式作表语的用法。正确答案为nottomakeManypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.7）后空确认法当一个句子含有两个空格是,不一定非要从第一个入手,而是从第二个空格来确定答案,即在两个考点的提目中不一定非要从第一个入手,而是从有把握的入手,寻找解题的突破口。如:Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.a/分析:该题的时间状语today并不是修饰internationaltrade,而是修饰整个句子,所以internationaltrade并非特指,其前边不需要冠词,因此,可确定第一格答案为a,第二格可不填。实践与提高Practicemakesperfect!1.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_____(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.2.Mybrotherisanactor.He_____(appear)inseveralfilmssofar.3.MrWhite_____(arrive)at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.weresenthasappearedshouldhavearrived4.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother,sowewillcomplaintotheteacher.5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____(notmake)itmoredifficult.nottomakeareAproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopiniontimeiseven__1__preciousthanmoney.Why?__2__whenmoneyisspent,weearnitback.However,whentimeis__3__itwillneverreturn.__4__isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake__5__useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveoutcountryin__6__future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople__7__donotrealizethevalueoftime.They__8__theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaward,weshouldformthegoodhabitof__9__(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday__10__tomorrow.Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopiniontimeiseven__1__preciousthanmoney.Why?__2__whenmoneyisspent,weearnitback.However,whentimeis__3__itwillneverreturn.__4__isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake__5__useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveoutcountryin__6__future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople__7__donotrealizethevalueoftime.They__8__theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaward,weshouldformthegoodhabitof__9__(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday__10__tomorrow.Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopiniontimeiseven__1__preciousthanmoney.Why?___2___whenmoneyisspent,weearnitback.However,whentimeis__3__itwillneverreturn.__4__isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake__5__useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveoutcountryin__6__future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople__7__donotrealizethevalueoftime.They__8__theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaward,weshouldformthegoodhabitof__9__(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday__10__tomorrow.moreBecausegoneItfullthewhospendsavinguntil/tillinmyopinion我认为Therefore因此，所以Itisknowntoallthat……是众所周知的Soasto为了……inthefuture在将来Itisapitythat……真遗憾formthegoodhabitof形成…良好的习惯spend+时间/金钱+(in)doingsth花金钱/时间做某事IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountain.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_1_(break