英美概况第八讲media-holiday-and-festival

TheUnitedStatesofAmericaMedia,HolidaysandFestivalContentsⅠMediaⅡHolidaysandFestivalsⅢSportsandSceneryIMedia1.Newspaper,magazines2.TelevisionandBroadcastNewspapersMoredailynewspapersthanothercountrieshighquality,viewsquotedallovertheworldcolumnsbywell-knownjournalistsofdifferentpoliticalandsocialviews“funnies(滑稽连环漫画)”orcomicsectioneveryonecanfindacomicstrip(连环画）appealingtohim•slapstick(闹剧、谐趣剧)humor•melodrama(情节剧)•violence,adventure,orintellectualsatireNewspaperMostnewspaperintheUSrelyheavilyontwomajornewsservices,theAssociatedPressandtheUnitedPressInternational,whichgathernewsstoriesandsellthemthesubscribingnewspapers.BigFour:UnitedPressInternationalAssociatedPress,ReutersandAgenceFrancePresseBigFive:BigFourplusRussianITAR-TASS,Top5USnewspapers,byaveragepaidweekdaycirculation(May2006)Top10Newspapers,20001.TheWallStreetJournal2.USAToday3.TheNewYorkTimes4.LosAngelesTimes5.TheWashingtonPost6.DailyNews(NewYork)7.ChicagoTribune8.Newsday9.HoustonChronicle10.SanFranciscoChronicleInfluentialNewspapersTheNewYorkTimesestablishedin1851,numberoneforeditorialqualityandnewscoverageassociatedwiththeRockefellerInterestGroupandfinancialfieldsoldespeciallytotheupperorupper-middleclassreputationforitsseriousattitudeandgreatbulk(数量、容量)TheWashingtonPostestablishedin1877secondbiggestnewspapermainreaders—governmentalemployeescloselylinkedtotheAmericanCongressfirstexposingtheWatergateScandalin1972InfluentialNewspapersTheLosAngelesTimesestablishedin1881thirdmostinfluentialpublishedbytheTimes-MirrorCompanyinLosAngelesandconnectedwiththeMorganInterestGroupphysicallyhuge—cover200pagesonSundaypolicy—nottoendorse(赞同或支持)candidatesforhighofficesInfluentialNewspapersTimeItexpressesideasoninternationalissuesandreportsinternationaleventsextensively.It’sbecomeinfluentialnotonlyinUSbutalsointheworld.TimehastheUSedition,internationaledition,aswellasEurope,AsiaandLatinAmericaneditions.SinceMarch3.1923publication,Timehasakeeninteresttoreportissuesaboutchina.TelevisionandBroadcastNogovernment-ownedtelevisionnetworkMajorradioandTVnetworkstheColumbiaBroadcastingSystem(CBS)theNationalBroadcastingSystem(NBS)theAmericanBroadcastingSystem(ABS)CommercialsinTV—advertisementsOnechannelwithnocommercialsPublicBroadcastingService(PBS)•ProgramscanbeseenallovertheUS•NoCongressinterferenceinthecontentofitsprogramsGiantsTVnetworksABCCBSNBSFOXcommercialParamountWarnerPBS---noncommercialCNNcableTVnetworkfoundedin1980byTedTurneradivisionoftheTurnerBroadcastingSystem,ownedbyTimeWarnerbasedinAtlantawithfourchannelsprovidesprogramslikeWorldReport,WorldBusiness,WorldSport,Worldweather,WorldBeat(世界音乐),Hotspots(热点问题),Insight(透视),andQ&A(QuestionandAnswer)24-hournewscoverageTelevisionandBroadcastVOA(VoiceofAmerica)themostfamousradiostationfortheexpansionofpropagandatoforeigncountriessupportedandorganizedbythegovernment,inWashingtonD.C.2.TelevisionandBroadcastoriginallyestablishedforwarinformation,nowundertheleadershipoftheAmericanInternationalCommunicationBureausendingnewstotheworldinmorethan40languages24hoursadayFreedomofPressvs.NationalSecurityTheFirstAmendmentguaranteesfreedomofthepress.Yetsituationscanarisewhenthenationalsecuritywouldbeendangeredifcertaininformationbecamepublic.Forexample,in1961theNewYorkTimesuncoveredinformationonthesecretBayofPigsinvasionofCubabeingplannedbytheKennedyadministration.UndersomepressurefromtheWhiteHouse,butprimarilyduetotheirownself-censorshipbasedonthenational-securityrationale,theTimes’spublisherandeditorsdecidednottprinttheinformation,TheBayofPigsinvasionwentahead,andfaileddisastrously---leavingmanytoquestionwhethernationalsecuritywouldhavebeenbetterservedhadthestorybeenrunandtheplanunmasked.HolidaysandFestivalsWarming-up:WhentalkingaboutAmericanholidaysandfestivals,isthereanyonethatyouarefamiliarwith?AndwouldyoupleasecomparethemwithsometraditionalChinesefestivals?Tips:Christmas,ThanksgivingDay,Halloween,Valentines’Day,EasterSunday,IndependenceDay…SpringFestival,Mid-AutumnDay,NationalDay,DragonBoatFestival,Children’sDay…AmericanholidaysNewYear‘sDayJanuary1President‘sDay华盛顿诞辰日ThirdMondayinFebruaryMemorialDay阵亡将士纪念日（纪念日）LastMondayinMayIndependenceDay独立日（国庆节）：July4LaborDay劳动日FirstMondayinSeptemberThanksgiving感恩节FourthThursdayinNovemberChristmasDay圣诞节December25美国法定节假日共七个HolidaysandFestivals1.Thanksgiving2.IndependenceDay1.Thanksgiving☻The4thThursdayinNovember☻mostimportantholidayapartfromChristmas☻Schools,officesandmostbusinessesclosethewholeweekend—avacationIn1620,pilgrimscametoNorthAmericainMayflower.Ahardwinter;notenoughtoeat;manypeopledied.Inthefollowingsummer,NativeAmericansshowedthemcropssafetoeatandhowtoplantthem,sotheyhadagoodharvest.1.ThanksgivingTheyheldabigcelebrationtothankGodandtheNativeAmericans.APilgrim’sThanksgiving☻Traditionaldinnerturkey(filledwithstuffingordressing)sweetpotatoes(alsocalledyams)Cranberriesmadeintoakindofsauceorjelly1.Thanksgivingidioms/slangsrelatedtoturkeyTalkTurkey:打开窗户说亮话,说实在的e.g：1.Ifyouarewillingtotalkturkey,thedisputebetweenuscanbeeasilys