2012年高考英语阅读理解训练科普小品类

2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：科普小品类(一)(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)Forthosewhostudythedevelopmentofintelligence(智力)intheanimalworld，self??awarenessisanimportantmeasurement.Ananimalthatisaware(意识)ofitselfhasahighlevelofintelligence.Awarenesscanbetestedbystudyingwhethertheanimalrecognizesitselfinthemirror,thatis，itsownreflectedimage(反射出的影像).Manyanimalsfailthisexercisebitterly,payingverylittleattentiontothereflectedimage.Onlyhumans,andsomeintelligentanimalslikeapesanddolphins，havebeenshowntorecognizethattheimageinthemirrorisofthemselves.Nowanotheranimalhasjoinedtheclub.IntheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersreportthatanAsianelephanthaspassedthemirrorself??reflectiontest.“Wethoughtthatelephantswerethenextimportantanimal.”saidDianaReissoftheWildlifeConservationSociety,anauthorofthestudywithJoshuaM.PlotnikandFansB.M.deWaalofEmoryUniversity.Withtheirlargebrains,Reisssaid,elephants“seemedlikecousinstoapesanddolphins”．TheresearcherstestedHappy,MaxineandPatty,threeelephantsattheBronxZoo.Theyputan8??foot??squaremirroronawalloftheanimals'playarea(outofthesightofzoovisitors)andrecordedwhathappenedwithcameras,includingonebuiltinthemirror.Theelephantsusedtheirlongnosestofindwhatwasbehindit,andtoexaminepartsoftheirbodies.Ofthethree,Happythenpassedthetest,inwhichaclearmarkwaspaintedononesideofherface.Shecouldtellthemarkwastherebylookinginthemirror,andsheusedthemirrortotouchthemarkwithherlongnose.DianaReisssaid,“Weknewelephantswereintelligent,butnowwecantalkabouttheirintelligenceinabetterway.”1．Whatcanmirrorteststellusaboutanimals?A．Whethertheyhavelargebrains.B．Whethertheyhaveself??awareness.C．Whethertheyenjoyoutdoorexercises.D．Whethertheyenjoyplayingwithmirrors.2．Whydoestheauthormentionapesanddolphinsinthetext?A．Theyaremostfamiliartoreaders.B．Theyarebigfavoriteswithzoovisitors.C．TheyareincludedinthestudybyReiss.D．Theyarealreadyknowntobeintelligent.3．WhatmadeHappydifferentfromMaxineandPatty?A．Sheusedhernosetosearchbehindthemirror.B．Sherecognizedherownimageinthemirror.C．Shepaintedamarkonherownface.D．Shefoundthehiddencamera.答案与解析1.B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，通过研究动物是否在镜子中识别自己可以测试它们的自我意识。2.D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因为它们和人一样可以识别镜中自己的形象，是人们已知的有智力的动物；再根据第三段，一个亚洲象也通过了该测试，也加入到有智力的行列里，故选D项。3.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，三个大象中只有Happy通过了镜子测试，也就是说只有她能识别镜中自己的形象，因此这是她有别于其他大象的地方，故选B项。(二)(2011·江苏高考)AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld'sfirstlarge??scaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机).Althoughitusesafairlystandard152??ton,2.3??megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture),atechnologyHywind'screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables(缆索);thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind'sstability(稳定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit'sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar'scentreofgravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean'ssurface.Todothat,thecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(变速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture)．Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind??farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoff??shorewindmillsareplanted.Deep??seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill??as??eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet'ssurfacetooneofthebestlow??carbonpowersourcesavailable.1.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof________.A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB.thesparwhichisfloatingindeep??seawaterC.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface2.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting________.A.ontheseafloorB.onthespartopC.atsealevelD.behindtheblades3.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan________.A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD.explorelow??carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea答案与解析1.B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，该工程采用了全新的技术，是为了确保漂浮在深海水域中的圆材的保持稳定。2.C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，为了使较大的涡轮发电机能在圆材上保持平衡，公司计划设计新的发电机，其变速箱在海平面上。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，深海风能技术的广泛应用会在海洋上开发出可使用的最好的低碳能源之一。(三)(2011·山东高考)Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcom