美国学生习得第三声的声调情境变异研究

美国学生习得第三声的声调情境变异研究严彦(,100087)[]:,Tarone(1983)!,,;![];;;[]H195.1[]A[]1003-7365(2010)01-0096-09Labov(1972)(Styleshifting),,,,,Dickerson(1975,1977∀)Labov:Tarone(1982,1983)!(thecontinuumofinterlanguagestyle),,!!(1995),,;,(2005),zh,sh,ch(Sato1985;Tarone1985;Major1987;TaroneandParrish1988;Ellis1994#),:∃96∃2010021Feb.,2010No.1∀#,Tarone,E.Onthevariabilityofinterlanguagesystems.AppliedLinguistics,1983El1is,R.ThestudyofSecondLanguageAcquisition.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1994,!(1977,1996;1981;1997),(1977),,:(1);(2);(3);(4),,:(1)?(2)Tarone(1983)!?,1.1:3%3(A),;,:49,17,16,16!!!,::32,10,∀:32,32,32,#:32,81,9-1132,96,96,96:49,:Praat1.2:!(A)(F0.05(2,46)=3.628,P=.034),∃97∃2010021ChineseLanguageLearningFeb.,2010No.1!,,(P=.019);(P=.830)!(F0.05(2,92)=80.456,P=.000),(F0.05(4,92)=3.226,P=.016):,(F0.05(2,46)=1.42,P=.252);,(F0.05(2,46)=4.80,P=.013)(F0.05(2,46)=5.30,P=.008),,;:;:(F0.05(2,92)=15.82,P=.000),(F0.05(2,92)=20.25,P=.000),(F0.05(2,92)=50.07,P=.000),2.3(),,,,,()43.38%54.1%45.7%;,56.25%71.88%73.63%;,61.76%74.22%77.34%,:,,()1,,Tarone(1983)!,?Homogenityofvariancestest,,,:(1):,,,,,(1997),,,(Aaronson&Ferres1986;Chen1994;1997)()(1997),()Bialystock(1982)∀(automaticity);,,,∃98∃2010021Feb.,2010No.1∀,&∋,,1997BopingYuan,VariabilityandsystematicityintheperformanceofthefourChinesetonesbyEnglishSLAofChinese,&∋,19951,,,,,,,(2):,(1985;Perfett&iZhang199219941995;Tan1996)(1997),(1997),,,,,,,(Fox1985;Connine&Clifton19871997);,(CynthiaM.Connine1997),!,,,,,,,:,,(3):,(1988;Sharkey1992),(1997)!,(JohnB.Best2000),,,!,(4):,(a):(b);(c):∀,,#,,3-4(16/),,(5):,2004!,,,∀,,,∃99∃2010021ChineseLanguageLearningFeb.,2010No.1,,,,,,,#,20,,,,(Horwitz1986;Maclntyre&Gardner1989;Horwitz&Young1991;Maclntyre1994a/1994b/1997)(Ellis1994),,(1999):,,(6):(Forster&Chambers1973;Katz&Feldman1983;Wueta.l1994)∀,(),,,,,,,,,(),,()Tarone(1982,1983)!,Labov,,,,,,,?(1)Labov,!(Ellis1994),!,(2),,,,;,,TaroneLabov,,(Ellis1994)∃100∃2010021Feb.,2010No.1∀,!,&∋,19992,&∋,,1997(3)!,?Schmidt(1977)Major(1987)Beebe(1980)Bialystock(1982,1984)Sato(1985)(2005),,Tarone(1985)TaroneandParrish(1988)Ellis(1994),,,,,,(2):2(4),(3),,,,(),(),(,),,(3∀)Beebe(1982),!,!3:3∃101∃2010021ChineseLanguageLearningFeb.,2010No.1El1is,R.ThestudyofSecondLanguageAcquisition.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1994()Tarone(1988),,,,,,,,:4(1),,,,,,,,,5(2),,,,,,,,,6(3),,,,,∃102∃2010021Feb.,2010No.1,,,,,,,,:(1),(2),Tarone(1983)!,,,,,,!,:(1),,,,,,,,,(2),,,(3),:,;,;,,,,,:[1].[J].(),1977,(4).[2].[M].:,1990.[3].[J].,1996,(3).[4],.[J].,1977,(3).[5].[J].,2005,(1).[6].[C].:,1997.[7].[J].,1999,(2).[8].[D].,2006.[9],.![J].,1981,(3).∃103∃2010021ChineseLanguageLearningFeb.,2010No.1[10].[J].,1999,(2).[11].[A].[C].:,1997.[12]BopingYuan.VariabilityandSystematicityinthePerformanceoftheFourChineseTonesbyEnglishSLAofChinese[J].,1995,(1).[13]Dickerson,L.Thelearner(sInterlanguageasaSystemofVariableRules[J].TESOLQuarterly,1975,(9).[14]E11is,R.SourcesofVariabilityinInterlanguage[J].AppliedLinguistics,1985a,(6).[15]Ellis,R.TheEffectsofLinguisticEnvironmentontheSecondLanguageAcquisitionofGrammaticalRules[J].AppliedLinguistics,1988,(9).[16]El1is,R.ThestudyofSecondLanguageAcquisition[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1994.[17]JohnB.Best,.CognitivePsychology()[M].:,2000.[18]LittlewoodW.T.LanguageVariationandSecondLanguageAcquisitionTheory[J].AppliedLinguistics,1981,(11).[19]Tarone,E.SystematicityandAttentioninInterlanguage[J].LanguageLearning,1982,(32).[20]Tarone,E.OntheVariabilityofInterlanguageSystems[J].AppliedLinguistics,1983,(4).[21]Tarone,E.VariabilityinInterlanguageUse:aStudyofStyleshiftinginMorphologyandSyntax[J].LanguageLearning,1985,(35).TheStudyofSituationalContextEffectonAcquisitionofThirdToneofMandarinbyAmericanStudentsYANYn(BeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity,Beijing100083)Abstrac:tHowsituationalcontextinfluencedAmericanstudents(productionofthirdtoneofMandarinat3levelsispresentedwithempiricalevidence.Theresultshowes:therewassystematicvariabilityintheprocessofacquiringthirdtoneofMandarin,anditisinfluencedbythesituationalcontextacertainextent.However,theeffectisoppositetothecontinuumofinterlanguagestyle!(Tarone1983).Theessenceofsituationalcontexteffectfromdifferentangelsisdemonstratedinthispaper.Itshowsthatattentiontospeech!isnottheonlyoneoffactorsaffectinginterlanguagevariants.Onthebaseofexplanation,thispaperattemptstoprovidesupplementstothecontinuumofinterlanguagestyle!fromthreeotherangels.Keywords:Americanstuden;tthirdtoneofmandarin;tonevariation;secondlanguageacquisition∃104∃2010021Feb.,2010No.1