研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)

READINGCOMPREHENSIONTESTI(45minutes,25questions,4pointseach)Directions:Inthistest,therearefiveshortpassages.Readeachpassagecarefully,andchoosethebestchoicetoanswerthequestions.PassageOneAstudyreleasedlastweekindicatesthatAmericanstudentsnotonlyhavenoproblemwithcheating,butthatoften,teachersclosetheireyestoit.ThesurveywasconductedbyProfessorDonaldL.McCabeofRutgersUniversity,NewJersey,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforAcademicIntegrity.Thisnationalassociation(society)ofmorethan250collegesisdedicatedto(intendedto)fostering(develop/cultivate)scholastic(academic)honesty.Accordingtothesurveyof4,500students,cheatingwasfoundtobeinfullsway(common),with97percentadmittingtoatleastoneinstanceofcheating,fromcopyinghomeworktoduplicating(copying)answersontests.ErikaKarres,anassistanteducationprofessor(associateprofessor)attheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHillwhostudiedstudentcheatingpatterns(rules)formorethan30yearssaid:Nowadaysparentsmaymakelittleof(ignore)theirchild'smistakebythinking'hewascheating,butit'snotlikehe'stakingdrugs'or`she'spregnant.'Asforteachers,Karresclaimssomedonotwanttogothroughtheannoyanceofhavingtopress(report)thepoint.Whohastimetohaveameetingafterschoolwithalltherecords,materials,andstatements?Andevenifthatmeetingoccurs,parentsmayblametheteacherbecauseheorshedidnottakethetimetochangetheorderoftestquestionsfortheirvariousclasses.Still(Furthermore),sheadds,manyteachersarewide-awake(onalert).Forexample,Englishteachersmaycheckwordclusters(字符串)ontheInternetforsignsoffraud(cheating)orfileawaysamplesofstudentwritingtocomparewithvocabularyandgrammarusedinlaterpapers.Nomatterwhatthecheaters'motivesare,educatorsagreethecomputerhasgreatlycontributedto(lead)theirwrongdoing(offense).WithanInternethookup,cheatingisjustaclickaway.ManyU.S.collegeshaverecentlyrewrittenthepolicyoncheatingtoemphasizeacademicintegrityandcommitmenttofundamentalvaluesofhonesty,trust,fairness,respectandresponsibility.1.ThestudyconductedbyProfessorMcCaberevealsthat_____.A.collegeauthoritiesdon'ttakecheatingveryseriouslyB.collegeteachersencouragetheirstudentstocheatC.cheatinghasbecomeaseriousproblemwithalmostallthestudentsD.scholastichonestyisnolongervaluedinAmericancolleges2.AccordingtoErikaKarres,parents_____.A.don'tthinkofcheatingastheirchildren'sbehavioralmistakeB.thinkthatcheatingisasbadasdrugabuseC.makelittleoftheirgirls'beingpregnantD.thinkmanyotherproblemsshoulddrawmoreattentionthancheating3.Teachersclosetheireyestocheatingbecause_____.A.theythinkitdoesn'thelptohaveameetingdiscussingcheatingproblemsB.theydon'twanttotakethetroubletorevealcheatingswithreliableevidenceC.theyhavealreadychangedtheorderofquestionsintheexampapersD.theycaneasilyidentifycheatingproblemswhilegradingexampapers4.Wide-awaketeacherscanfindcheatingby_____.A.comparingthewordgroupsinstudents'writingwiththeonesontheInternetB.comparingtheexamplesusedbytheirstudentswiththoseusedbytheirclassmatesC.learningthemethodsandsignsofcheatingprovidedontheInternetD.checkingthevocabularyandgrammarusedinthelatestpublishedpapers5.WhichofthefollowingcanberegardedasaprimarycauseoftheincreaseofcheatinginAmericancolleges?A.Collegepolicies.B.Teachers'encouragement.C.Parents'negligence.D.Thewide-spreaduseofcomputer.PassageTwoThetraditionalfinalrestingplaceforadiscarded(deserted)computerisanywhereitwillnotbeintheway--inacloset(cupboard),underalamp,intheattic(loft),anywhere.Butthereareagrowingnumberofcomputer-recyclingoptionsthatdonottakeupspace.Moreimportant,thenewrecyclingprograms(projects)donotinvolvepitchingoldcomputerpartsintothetrashbin(dustbin).ComputermakersDell,GatewayandHewlett-Packardhaverecentlylaunchedorimprovedprogramstocollectoldpersonalcomputersandprintersfromanymanufacturer.Themessageisthatwhateveryoudowithyouroldcomputer,don'tthrowitinthetrash,saidMicheleGlaze,aDellspokeswoman.That'snotanappropriate(proper)waytogetridofanypieceofanyelectronicequipment.AttheDellExchangeWebsitepeoplehavefouroptions:Theycandonateoldmodelstoanonprofitorganization,recyclethemforproperdisposal,tradetheminforadiscountonanewDellorsellthemtothehighestbidder.HPofferstodotherecyclingworkfortheconsumeraswell.Thecompanychargesforshippingandhandling--U.S.$13~34peritem.Returnedequipmentiseitherdonatedtononprofitorganizationsor,iftoooldtobeuseful,brokendowntoitskey(basic)commodities--steel,aluminum,copperandplastic--atshreddersthecompanyhasinTennessee.Theformofrecyclingmostfolkswillprobablythinkof,however,isdonatingoldcomputerstoschools.SeveralWashingtonareaorganizationswillgladlytaketheoldcomputers,monitors,printersandsoon,re-casethem,andsendthemtoschools.Oldhardware,however,maynotmakeittoschoolinonepiece,especiallyifthecomputeristoooldtorunacurrentoperatingsystem.WhenpeopleaskLorinEvans,whorunsWashingtonApplePi'scomputer-recyclingprogram,wheretheircomputerswillgo,heusuallydoesnotknowbecauseheoftenstripsoldcomputersdowntotheircompositeparts.ThebeautyoftheMacisit'seasytodecidewhichwoundedsoldiersonabattlefieldneedtobeoperatedonfirst,hesaid.6.Thenewcomputer-recyclingprogramsarerecommendedmostprobablybecau