基于空间矢量的有源电力滤波器仿真研究

毕业设计（论文）说明书-I-摘要随着全控型快速半导体自开关器件和智能型高速微控制芯片的发展，数字化PWM成为PWM控制技术发展的趋势。但是传统的SPWM法比较适合模拟电路实现，不适应于现代电力电子技术数字化的发展趋势。电压空间矢量脉宽调制(Space-VectorPulseWidthModulation，简称SVPWM)控制技术是一种优化了的PWM控制技术，和传统的SPWM法相比，不但具有直流利用率高，输出谐波少，控制方法简单等优点，而且易于实现数字化。本文首先对脉宽调制技术的发展现状进行了综述，在此基础上分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术的发展现状；接着对空间电压矢量脉宽调制技术((SVPWM)的基本原理进行了详细的分析和推导，SVPWM是基于磁链追踪的思想，它以三相对称正弦波电压供电下三相对称电动机定子理想磁链圆为基准，由三相逆变器不同开关模式下所形成的实际磁链矢量来追踪基准磁链圆的，在追踪的过程中，逆变器的开关模式作适当的切换，从而形成PWM波;然后详细分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术的调制波。随着电力电子装置等非线性电力负荷的广泛应用,电网谐波问题日益严重。它不仅影响着电力用户的用电质量,也威胁着电力系统的安全、经济运行。因此,谐波抑制已成为当今电能质量领域中的重要研究课题之一。有源电力滤波器(ActivePowerFilter——APF),具有无源滤波器所无法比拟的优点,是今后配电系统谐波抑制装置的发展方向。本文在综述并联型有源电力滤波器的结构、原理和控制方法的基础上,着重研究了电压空间矢量PWM控制技术在有源电力滤波器中的应用。文章还详细分析了SVPWM法的基本调制方式，在前人研究的基础上对现有的SVPWM控制算法进行了一些改进，重点分析了过调制和扇区过渡两种特殊情况下的控制算法。利用MATLAB7.0软件中的动态仿真工具SIMULINK对改进之后的控制算法进行了动态仿真，通过仿真分析验证了改进后控制算法的正确性。在此基础上，建立了SVPWM逆变器在有源电力滤波器中的仿真模型。关键字：谐波补偿；SVPWM；有源电力滤波器；MATLAB安徽工业大学毕业设计（论文）说明书-II-AbstractTogetherwiththecontinualdevelopmentofall-controlledfastsemiconductorself-turn-offdevicesandintelligenthigh-speedmicrocontroller,thedigitizedPWMisbecomingthetrendofPWMcontroltechniquedevelopment.Buttheanalogueelectriccircuitcan’trealizethetraditionalSPWMmethodeasily.ThetraditionalSPWMcannotadapttothedevelopmenttrendofthedigitizationofthemodempowerandelectric.Space-vectorpulsewidthmodulation(SVPWM)akindofsuperiorzedPWMcontroltechnique:achievingtheeffectiveutilizationoftheDCsupplyvoltage(comparedwiththetraditionalSPWM,reducedby15.47%),havinglittleharmonicoutputandtheeasycontrolmethod,furthermoreeasytorealizethedigitization.ThearticlepresentsthedevelopingconditionofPWMandSVPWMfirst.ThenthetheoryofSVPWMisdiscussedindetail.TheSVPWMisbasedonthethoughtofmagneticchaintracking.Itmakestheidealmagneticchaincircleofthree-phasedsysmmetryelectricmotorsuppliedbythree-phasedsysmmetrysinewavevoltageforbasisusesthepracticalmagneticchainvectorformedbythedifferentswitchmodesofthree-phasedtrackingtheinvertertotrackthebasicmagneticchaincircle.DuringthecourseofinverterchangestheswitchmodesproperlytoformthePWMwaves.ThenthemodulationwaveofSVPWMisanalyzedindetail.Withmoreandmoreapplicationofthenonlinearload,forexamplepowerelectronicequipment,thepowerqualityproblemcausedbytheharmonicinpowernetbecomesincreasinglyimportant.Itnotonlyaffectsthepowerqualityofconsumersbutalsointimidatessafeandeconomyoperationofpowersystem.Theactivepowerfilter(APF)hassomeadvantagesthatthepassivefiltercan'treachanditisthedevelopmenttrendofharmonicsuppressioninpowernet.Thestructure,principleandcontrolstrategyaresummarizedinthepaper,andtheuseofspacevectorPWMinAPFisstudiedindetail.Atthesametime,thebasicmodulationmethodofSVPWMisanalyzeddetailly.SomeimprovementsarecarriedintheexistedcontrolmethodofSVPWMonthebasisofforeperson'sreserch.TheimprovedcontrolmethodissimulateddynamicallybyusingMATLAB7.0/SIMULINKdynamicsimulationsofeware.Itprovedtheaccuracyoftheimprovedcontrolmethodbyanalyzingtheresultofsimulation..ThesimulatedmodelofactivepowerfilterfedbySVPWMinverterissetup.Keywords：HarmonicCompensation；SVPWM；ActivePowerFilter；Matlab安徽工业大学毕业设计（论文）说明书-III-目录第一章绪论.................................................................11.1脉宽调制(PWM)技术发展概况................................................11.1.1脉宽调制(PWM)技术的发展现状..........................................11.1.2脉宽调制(PWM)技术的应用..............................................31.2电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术发展概况..................................41.3有源电力滤波器的国内外研究现状...........................................51.4课题研究的意义及主要工作.................................................5第二章空间矢量脉宽调制技术的理论基础.......................................72.1电压空间矢量的概念.......................................................72.2三相逆变器的基本电压矢量.................................................8第三章有源电力滤波器的研究................................................113.1有源电力滤波器的数学模型................................................113.2APF的种类..............................................................123.3APF的谐波检测方法......................................................143.3.1基于频域的检测方法..................................................143.3.2瞬时空间矢量法......................................................143.3.3有功分离法..........................................................143.3.4自适应检测法........................................................143.3.5同步测定法..........................................................153.4APF的补偿电流控制方法..................................................153.4.1三角载波控制........................................................153.4.2滞环比较控制........................................................153.4.3变结构控制..........................................................153.4.4无差拍控制与差拍控制................................................163.4.5单周控制（又称积分复位控制）........................................163.4.6空间矢量脉宽调制....................................................16第四章SVPWM控制算法......................................................174.1参考电压所在扇区的确定..................................................17安徽工业大学毕业设计（论文）说明书-IV-4.2相邻两个基本矢量作用时间的计算..........................................194.2.1常规SVPW