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专题学案(一)冠词[常考点1不定冠词]1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析:aasaresult为固定搭配,意为“结果”。语法填空中的命题点(单句语法填空)解析:a该空后面的model是可数名词单数,此处表示“作为一名模特”,故填a。2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalftermresting.Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas________modelinNewYork.3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.解析:aforawhile是固定短语,意为“片刻,一会儿”。4.Today,morepeoplearecomingtoBeijing,thecapitalofChina,tomake______betterlifeforthemselves.解析:a句意:现在更多的人来到中国首都北京为自己寻求更好的生活。设空处泛指“一种更好的生活”,故填不定冠词a。5.Besides,referencebooksarejust________assistant,soweshouldnotrelyonthemtoomuch.解析:anassistant是可数名词,且第一次在语境中出现,故用不定冠词修饰,assistant的读音以元音音素开头,故用an。解析:a用于专有名词前,表示“一个……式的人”,要用不定冠词。6.Brianhasagreatgiftforwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobe________Beethoven.解析:a句意:2016年夏天我第一次去杭州旅游。那里如此迷人,我决定明年再去一次。asecondtime表示“又一次,再一次”,故填a。7.IvisitedHangzhouforthefirsttimeinthesummerof2016.ItissoattractivethatIdecidedtogotherefor________secondtimenextyear.8.Theexperimenttookusfivemonthsandturnedout________greatdisappointment.解析:a句意:这个实验花了我们五个月的时间,结果让人非常失望。根据句意,disappointment在此为抽象名词具体化,表示“令人失望的事”,故填不定冠词a。9.Theyfound________apartmentinArcadia.Theywerethereforonlytwomonths.解析:an句意:他们在阿卡迪亚找到了一所公寓。他们只在那里住了两个月。此处泛指“一所公寓”,且apartment的读音以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。10.WealsovisitedtheThreeGorgesDam,________symbolofChineseprideandpower.解析:aasymbolof“……的象征”。“asymbolofChineseprideandpower”在句中作“theThreeGorgesDam”的同位语。[规则谨记]1.在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在读音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。2.不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,指同类中的“任何一个”。3.不定冠词用于第一次提到或出现的名词前,表泛指,不特别指明具体情况。4.a/an相当于every,表示“每一”。5.不定冠词放在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。6.不定冠词放在抽象名词前,表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。7.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中,如:havearest休息haveabreak休息takeawalk散步havealook看一看inamoment立刻inaminute马上onceuponatime曾经twiceamonth一月两次asarule通常inahurry匆忙地inaword总之inashortwhile不久asaresult结果forawhile一会儿haveagoodknowledgeof熟知,精通makeadifference有意义,有影响短文改错中的命题点(单句改错)解析:第一个a→an/one因为hour的读音以元音音素开头,所以其前用an。表示“一个小时”可以用anhour,也可以用onehour。1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.________________2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.解析:the→a句意:我叔叔说他从来没有梦想过在短时间内致富。inashortperiodoftime为固定搭配,表示“在短时间内”。3.(2015·浙江高考)Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.________________解析:hurry前加a句意:教室的右边是一条马路。我经常兴致勃勃地看司机们早上匆匆忙忙的样子。inahurry意为“匆忙”,为固定搭配。4.Lifeislikeocean:Onlythestrongwilledcanreachtheothershore.________________解析:like后加an句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,且ocean以元音音素开头,故应用不定冠词an修饰。5.ItwasonawarmautumndaythatmyfatherandIwalkedintomynewhighschool.Afterregisteringintheclassroom,thevolunteertookmetomydormitory.________________解析:第二个the→avolunteer是可数名词,且第一次在文中出现,故用不定冠词a修饰。6.HewasanEuropeanbillionairewhogoteverythinghewanted.________________解析:an→aEuropean的读音以辅音音素开头,故用a。解析:good前加ahabit意为“习惯”,是可数名词,此处为泛指,故用不定冠词a修饰。7.Ithinkitgoodhabitthatinoursparetimewereadmorebooksofgreatuse.________________8.TheywenttoSwitzerlandbyatrainandhadaverygoodholiday.________________解析:去掉第一个abytrain是固定搭配,意为“坐火车”。解析:the→a这里泛指“一个好机会”,故用不定冠词。9.Howareyoudoing?I'mwritingtoinviteyoutoclimbMountQianshan.Youhavealreadybeenhereforamonth.Sowethinkit'sthegoodopportunityforustogetfamiliarwitheachother.________________10.AlthoughIcanhavebetterfoodathome,Ienjoyeatingwithmyclassmates.Ithinkit'sagreatfunandIcanmakemorefriends.________________解析:去掉afun意为“乐趣”,是不可数名词,前面不能加不定冠词。所以去掉a。[易误提醒]1.不定冠词a,an的错用(1)在元音音素前应用不定冠词an。(2)在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a。(3)有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头,前面应用冠词a而不用an;还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头,前面应用冠词an而不用a。2.不定冠词a,an的缺失或多余(1)可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。(2)固定搭配中不定冠词的缺失或多余。(3)与by连用表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。[常考点2定冠词]语法填空中的命题点(单句语法填空)解析:the此处指的是在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶,所以在top前加the。1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover________top.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed,________otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.解析:theone...theother为固定搭配,意为“一个……另一个……”。3.Anotherchemicalconnectedwithourmoodsiscaffeine,whichisfoundincoffee,chocolateandmanytypesoftea,anditisperhaps________worstthingyoucanhavewhenyouarefeelingstressed.解析:the根据空格后的形容词最高级worst可知,此处应用the。4.Chinesebrushcalligraphyor“shufa”inChineseisoneof________mostimportantartformsinChina.解析:the根据形容词最高级“mostimportant”可知,空格处需加定冠词the,此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”。5.Later,Hongbaodevelopedintomoregeneralbestwishesandablessingon________young.解析:the定冠词the与形容词连用表示一类人。故填the。解析:theinthesameway为固定搭配,意为“同样地,以相同的方式”,故填the。6.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon'tseethingsin________sameway.7.MyparentshadmovedtoEnglandfromIndiaduring________1970s.解析:the表示年代时应用定冠词the。解析:thefrog是可数名词,且第二次在文中出现,故用定冠词表示特指。8.Amouse,becauseofanunluckychance,madeclosefriendswithanevilfrog.Oneday,________frogplayedatrickonthemousebytyingafootofthemousetohisown.9.Theboyofnomorethanfouryearsoldcanplay______pianoverybeautifully.解析:the在西洋乐器名词前面要加the。解析:Thethe与表示姓氏的复数名词连用,表示一家人或夫妇俩。10.________BrownsarealllivinginChina.
本文标题:2018年高考英语二轮复习-专题辅导与测试一-语法主导下的语法填空与短文改错-专题学案(一)冠词
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