系表结构精讲精练

1主系表结构精讲精练主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。一连系动词：A、根据动作可分为三类：be动词，感官动词，趋势动词。1)Be动词：am,is,are,was,were2)感官动词：sound,look,taste,feel,smell3)趋势动词：appear,become,grow,get,turn,seem,remainB、根据状态系动词可分为:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;二表语：下列成分都可以做表语：名词，形容词，副词，动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，表语从句．1)名词:Iamastudent.2)形容词：Hebecamestrong.3)副词：Sheremainedthere.4)现在分词：Thestoryseemedinteresting.5)过去分词：Thewindowsseemedbroken.6)动名词：HisjobisteachingEnglish.27)动词不定式：Herplanistobecomethewinnerinthegame.三、分类讲解(1)状态系动词：只有be一词。如：Sheisalwayslikethat.她总是那样。Iamusedtogoingaboutalone.我习惯于独来独往。Theseshoesaretootightforme.这双鞋我穿太小。注：动词be，若是用于进行时态或者被动语态，则不是系动词，而是助动词。Iamplayingbasketball.Heishitbyonebrick.(2)持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。如：Ihopeyou’llkeepfit.我希望你身体好。Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Thedoorremainedclosed.门仍然关着。Wecanremainfriends.我们可以继续做朋友。Pleasestayseated.请继续坐着。Hestayedsingle.他仍然是单身。(3)表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)quitehappy.他好像很快活。Thedoctorseemedverycapable.那医生似乎很能干。Heappearedquitewell.他显得身体相当好。Heappearedtakenaback.他似乎很吃惊。3Sheappearedperplexed.她显得迷惑不解。(4)感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布摸起来很软。Helookshonest,butactuallyhe’sarogue.他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。Theyalllookaliketome.他们的模样我看起来都一样。Everybodyfeelscontented.每个人都感到很满足。Icefeelscold.冰感觉起来是凉的。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。Itsoundsagoodidea.这听起来是个好主意。Thisfoodtastesgood.这菜好吃。(5)变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。Shehadgrownthinnerandthinner.她越来越瘦了。Hiscoldwasgrowingworse.他的感冒越来越严重了。She’sgrowingfat.她正在发胖。He’sgrownusedtoit.他对此已经习惯。Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.她看到这，脸红了。Hishairturnedgreyinafewweeks.在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了Themilkwillsoonturnsour.牛奶很快就会变酸。4Severalpeoplefellill,victimsofbloodpoisoning.几个人生病了，都是血中毒的受害者。Wegetwiseraswegetold.随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。Yourhairhasgonequitewhite!你的头发全白了!Shewentpaleatthenews.听到这消息，她脸色变得苍白。WhenImentionedittohimhewentred.我对他提及此事时他脸红了。Hewentmad.他疯了。Thechildrenmustnotgohungry.孩子们不能挨饿。(6)终止系动词：主要有prove,turnout(结果是，证明是)等。如：Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的情况原来是假的。Hisadviceprovedsound.他的劝告证明是对的。Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的。四、主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况（一）否定形式：1.主语＋be（is，am，are）not＋表语。2.主语＋助动词（do/does）＋not＋feel/smell/look……＋表语。例如：Sheisagoodgirl.→Sheisnotagoodgirl.Youlookhappy.→Youdon’tlookhappy.Itsmellsbad.→Itdoesn’tsmellbad.（二）一般疑问句形式：1.Be（Is/Am/Are）＋主语＋表语？52.助动词（Do/Does）＋主语＋动词原形＋表语？例如：ThisgirlisinRowOne.→IsthisgirlinRowOne？Shefeelsterrible.→Doesshefeelterrible？Welookexcited.→Doyoulookexcited？五、主系表精练（）1.—WhatisMrWanglike?—____.A.HeisateacherB.HeisoldandkindC.HelookslikeaballoonD.HelikesEnglish（）2.WhatMrWhitesaidsounds____.A.friendlyB.wonderfullyC.pleasantlyD.nicely（）3.Thepoorboy____blindattheageofthree.A.turnedB.goesC.becameD.went（）4.Whenhewasachildhe____.A.grewpatienceB.wasaliveC.ranwild（放荡不羁）D.cametrue（）5.Hisvoice____asifhehasacold.A.soundsB.listensC.hearsD.seems（）6.Thisshirt___asifitismadeofcotton.A.isB.looksC.feelsD.seems（）7.Helooks___hehadn’thadagoodmealforamonthA.thatB.asifC.whenD.sofar（）8.It____thathewaslateforthetrain.A.looksB.turnsC.getsD.seems6（）9.Theseapplestaste_____.A.tohegoodB.tobewellC.wellD.good（）10.—Doyouliketheshirt?—Yes,it____verysoft.A.feelsB.feltC.isfeelingD.isfelt（）11.ThemomentMrZhangwenttobed,he____asleepA.keptB.gotC.fellD.fall（）12.WhenIwenthomeyesterday,itwas____dark.A.goingB.gettingC.runningD.coming（）13.Theirplan____tobeaperfectone.A.provedB.wasprovedC.isprovingD.proving（）14.Theflowersinthegarden____sweet.A.soundB.tasteC.becomeD.smell（）15.She____likehermotherincharacter.A.looksB.seemsC.isD.feels（）16.He____muchyoungerthanhereallyis.A.appearsB.growsC.becomesD.turns（）17.You____verypale.Doyoufeelsick?A.lookedB.lookC.lookingD.arelooked（）18.Hiswishtobecomeadriverhas____true.A.turnedB.realizedC.comeD.grown（）19.Herfather____awriter.A.turnedB.grewC.hasturnedD.hasbecome7（）20、Hehassuddenlyill．A、fallenB、turnC、becomeD、go答案与分析1---5BADCA6---10CBDDA11---15CBADC16---20ABCDA