chapter3-morphology

Chapter3：MorphologyI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Morphologystudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.2.Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.3.Justasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.4.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsthatcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesarefreemorphemes.5.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:rootsandaffixes.6.Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.7.Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeaddediscalledastem,whichcanbeaboundroot,afreemorpheme,oraderivedformitself.8.Prefixesusuallymodifythepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,notthemeaningofit.9.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword.Therefore,wordsformedaccordingtothemorphologicalrulesareacceptablewords.10.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:11.M____isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.12.Theaffix“-ish”inthewordboyishconveysag____meaning.13.B___________morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.14.Affixesareoftwotypes:inflectionalaffixesandd__________affixes.15.D________affixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreatewords.16.As______isaddedtotheendofstemstomodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordanditmaycasechangeitspartofspeech.17.C__________isthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.18.Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewwordarecalledm___________rules.19.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,d_______________canbeviewedastheadditionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords.20.As______canbeaboundroot,afreemorpheme,oraderivedformitselftowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:21.Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)______.A.boundmorphemeB.boundformC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme22.Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound__________.A.isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponentsB.canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemesC.isthesameasthemeaningofafreephrase.D.Noneoftheabove.23.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof__________.A.thefirstelementB.thesecondelementC.eitherthefirstorthesecondelementD.boththefirstandthesecondelements.24._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.BoundwordsD.Words25._________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme26.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_______.A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic27.Boundmorphemesarethosethat___________.A.havetobeusedindependentlyB.cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemesC.caneitherbefreeorboundD.havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes.28.____modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes29._________areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences30.“-s”intheword“books”is_______.A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.arootIV.Definethefollowingterms:31.morphology32.inflectionalmorphology33.derivationalmorphology34.morpheme35.freemorpheme36.boundmorpheme37.root38.affix39.prefix40.suffix41.derivation42.CompoundingV.Answerthefollowingquestions:43.WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheEnglishcompounds44.Discussthetypesofmorphemeswithexamples.45.Inderivingnewwordsviaaprefixsuchas“mis-”，thereseemstobesomeconstraintonwhatispermitted.Thewordsinthefirstcolumnbelowareacceptableformations,buttheformsintheothercolumnsarenot.Workoutwhattherule(s)mightbeformakingnewadjectiveswiththeprefix“mis-”.misadventure*mishappy*mismilkmisdudgement*mismeal*missadmisplaced*misglad*miswordmistrustful*misrole*miscrazy46.LabelthemorphologicalcategoryofthemorphemeunderlinedineachoftheEnglishexpressions.(a)I’vebeenhere.(b)transform(c)oxen(d)recur47.EachofthefollowingPersianwordsispolymorphemic.YouarerequiredtomatcheachofthenotionsgivenbelowwithamorphemeinPersian.(Notethatxarmeans“buy”and–iddisignatesthepasttense).xaridiYou(sg.)bought.naxaridamIdidnotbuy.namixaridandTheywerenotbuying.xaridHebought.naxaridimWedidnotbuy.mixaridHewasbuying.mixarididYou(pl.)werebuying.xaridamIbought.MatcheachofthenotionsgivenbelowwithamorphemeinPersian:(a)I(b)you(sg.)(c)not(d)was/wereV-ing(continuous)48.InEnglishthesuffix“er-”canbeaddedtosomeplacenames,asshowninColumnA;however,thesamesuffixmaynotbeaddedtootherplacenames,asexemplifiedbytheimpossiblewordsgiveninColumnB.ComparethewordsinColumnAwiththoseimpossibleonesinColumnBandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.ColumnAColumnBLondoner*TorontoerVermonter*MiamierNewYorker