2020高考英语定语从句复习课件(共23张PPT)

主要考查的知识点引导定语从句的的关系代词、关系副词限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句定语从句和名词性从句等的区别关系代词在介词后的使用关系词附属文件\关系词.ppt先行词附属文件\先行词.ppt位置附属文件\位置.ppt功能附属文件\功能.ppt定语从句概要确定关系词的步骤•（1）先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。•（2）看先行词在从句中所充当的成分。指出先行词（即关系词）在定语从句中的成份，并填入适当的关系词：Ithinkagoodteacheris_______iseasygoingandtreatshisstudentsasfriends.Beijingisthe________hasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarry________familywaspoor.Iwillneverforgetthe______Ifirstwenttoschool.Kunmingisabeautiful_____flowersareseenalltheyearround.Idon’tknowthe______manystudentslikeZhouJielun.That/whowhichwhosewhenwherewhysomeone主语city主语anyone定语dayonthatday状语city状语inthecityreasonforthisreason状语考点一：关系代词的使用IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Notes:先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing，或受其修饰时，要用that.Thiswasoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatweresoldinthisbookstore.Notes:当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，要用that.定语从句中，先行词指物，that和which的区别：That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.Notes:先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory.Notes:先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。WhichisthecarthatwasmadeinBeijing?Notes:当要避免与疑问词which重复时，用that.Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.Notes:引导非限制性定语从句时，用whichLanguageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan’tcommunicatewitheachother.Notes:直接放在介词后做宾语时，用which小结：关系词宜用that而不用which的情况：（1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、no、little、all、oneof等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。（4）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语1）先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany（much）as中.Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.注意：区别：①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethem.②thesame…that…引导定语从句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.2）引导无先行词的定语从句①意义上：as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as从句可置句首，也可在另处。Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.考点二:关系副词的运用•1.Iwillremembertheday______Ileftmyhometownforever.•2.Ioftenthinkofthedays_____IspentinShanghailastsummer.•3.Thisistheplace________heworks.•4.Thisistheplace____wevisitedlastmonth.•5.Iknowthereason____shestudiessowell.•6.Thisisthereason___hegavetotheteacherforbeinglatethismorning.whenthatwherethatwhythat使用关系副词必要的两个条件：先行词表时间、地点、原因现行词在从句中充当状语先行词虽然表时间、地点、原因，但在定语从句中不充当时间状语、地点状语、原因状语，而做句子的主语或宾语，则使用关系代词that/which引导。关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen指时间=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因=forwhich当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.考点三：介词+关系代词Thesungivesusheatandlight,we____________can’tlive.Notes:介词+which:先行词指物，在定语从句中充当介词宾语，介词提到关系代词前。Notes:介词+whom:先行词指人，在定语从句中充当介词宾语，介词提到关系代词前。e.g.:Thestudents_______MsZhangisgivinglessonsarelovelyandactive.Withoutwhichtowhom***关系代词前的介词如何确定Mr.Smithboughtanewhouse___whichhespentallhismoney.Notes:依据从句中动词的习惯搭配。Notes:依据先行词的习惯搭配。1949wastheyear_____theP.R.C.wasfounded.onInwhich***关系代词前的介词如何确定Notes:依据所表达的意思确定。e.g.:Thegas________whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.Notes:非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构。e.g.:Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirds_____whomhavebeentoBeijing.withoutof注意：Isthisthebookwhich/thatyouarelookingfor?（）Isthisthebookforwhichyouarelooking?（）遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。(该句中介词for一般不提前，因为lookfor是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)TF1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower＿＿＿＿＿＿peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman＿＿＿＿＿Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most＿＿＿＿＿hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词+关系代词的情况练习6.Thisisthecomrade_________Ionceworkedinthefactory.7.Thepencil________shewaswriting.8.Thebigtree_________theoldareplayingchessisabout30yearsold.9.Wouldyoutellusaboutthegirl_________youwerewritingaletter?10.Thenovel_________youareinterestedwaswrittenbyMarkTwain.withwhomwithwhichunderwhichtowhominwhich定语从句必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）定语从句与强调句型的区别附属文件\定语从句与强调句的区别.ppt（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。附属文件\定语从句与同位语从句的区别.ppt（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。附属文件\关系词在从句中的省略.ppt（5）限制性定语从句与非限定语从句的翻译。附属文件\限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译.ppt（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：附属文件\几个特殊定语从句.ppt