英语定语从句

Grammar:AttributiveclauseThewoman—shelivesnextdoor—isadoctor.定语从句/关系从句Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.关系代词先行词注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”Grammar:AttributiveclauseWeknowalotofpeople—theyliveinLondon.定语从句/关系从句WeknowalotofpeoplewholiveinLondon.关系代词先行词注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”Grammar:AttributiveclauseThemachine—itbrokedown—hasnowbeenrepaired.定语从句/关系从句Themachinewhichbrokedownhasnowbeenrepaired.关系代词先行词注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略关系代词指代物用“which”或”that”Barbaraworksforacompany_____________.Thebookisaboutagirl________________.Whatwasthenameofthehorse__________?Thepolicehavecaughtthemen__________.theystolemycaritmakeswashingmachineitwontheracesherunsawayfromhomewhichmakeswashingmachinewhorunsawayfromhomethatwontheracewhostolemycarGrammar:AttributiveclauseThewoman—Iwantedtoseeher—wasawayonholiday.定语从句/关系从句ThewomanIwantedtoseewhomwasawayonholiday.关系代词先行词ThewomanwhomIwantedtoseewasawayonholiday.关系代词作宾语代人用“whom，who,that,或省略”。Grammar:AttributiveclauseHaveyoufoundthekeys—Youlostthekeys?定语从句/关系从句HaveyoufoundthekeysYoulostwhich?关系代词先行词HaveyoufoundthekeyswhichYoulost?注：关系代词作宾语代物用“which，that,或省略”。Arethesethekeys_____________.Theyparty____________wasnofun.Ilikethepeople_____________?Georgeissomebody__________.WewenttoapartylastnightYoucanrelyonGeorgeIworkwithalotofpeopleYouwerelookingforsomekeysyouwerelookingforwewenttolastnightIworkwithyouvanrelyonGrammar:AttributiveclauseWesawsomepeople—theircarhadbrokendown.定语从句/关系从句Wesawsomepeoplewhosecarhadbrokendown.关系代词先行词Wesawsomepeople.Theircarhadbrokendown注：关系代词whose作定语，主要代人，也可代物。不可省略，whose后紧跟其限定的名词Grammar:AttributiveclauseThetablewhoseleggotbrokenismine.Thetablethelegofwhichleggotbrokenismine.Thetable-itsleggotbroken-ismine.注：关系代词whose作定语代物时=N+ofwhich/ofwhich+N。Thetableofwhichtheleggotbrokenismine.先行项关系代词在定语从句中的成分主语宾语定语人Who/that(who/that)Whose+N物Which/that(which/that)Whose+N=N+ofwhichofwhich+NGrammar:AttributiveclauseIwentbacktothetown-Iwasborninthetown.IwentbacktothetownIwasbornwhere/inwhich.Iwentbacktothetownwhere/inwhichIwasborn.注：关系副词where作地点状语，Where=介+which“where”不能省略。Iwentbacktothetown（which/that）Iwasbornin.Grammar:AttributiveclauseThereweremanydays-weateonlyonemealinthosedays定语从句/关系从句Thereweremanydays-weateonlyonemealwhen/inwhich.Thereweremanydayswhen/inwhichweateonlyonemeal.注：关系副词when作时间状语，“when”=介+which在非正式语体中：关系副词when时常省略，也可用that替换当关系副词when作时间状语，先行项是：theday/week/year/morning/evening/moment/instancethefirsttime/thelasttime,everytime等,关系副词通常省略，也可用that替换Doyoustillremembertheday(that)wefirstmet.Thelasttime(that)Isawher,shelookedverywell.Ihaven’tseenthemsincetheyear(that)theygotmarried.Everytime(that)thephonerings,hegetsnervous.Grammar:AttributiveclauseThereason-Ibecameateacherforthisreason-isthatIlikekids.ThereasonIbecameateacherwhy/forwhichisthatIlikekids.Thereason(why/forwhich)IbecameateacheristhatIlikekids.注：关系副词why作原因状语，用“why”=for+which在非正式语体中：关系副词why时常省略,也可用that替换Grammar:AttributiveclauseTheway-Youanswerthequestionsinthisway–wasadmirable.Thewayyouanswerthequestionsinwhich/thatwasadmirable.Theway(inwhich/that)youanswerthequestionswasadmirable注：关系词作方式状语，用“inwhich/that”在非正式语体中：关系词通常省略=Howyouanswerthequestionswasadmirable先行项关系副词在定语从句中的成分：状语非正式语体中地点地点状语：where=介词+whichwhere不能省略时间时间状语：when=介词+whichwhen通常省略，可由that替换“reason”原因状语:why=for+whichwhy通常省略，可由that替换“way”方式状语：inwhich/that省略一、Which和that在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下通常用that而不用which:1.当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等不定代词时，常用that引导定语从句。Eg.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的已经做了2.先行词前有only，few，any，little，no，all，every，very等词修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。Eg.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.3.先行词前面有序数词(first，second等)或形容词的最高形式对其修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。Eg.ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vereceivedfromhimsinceheleft.4.在并列的先行词中既有人又有物时，不能用who或whom，也不能用which，而要用that引导定于从句。Eg.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.一、Which和that在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下通常用that而不用which:6.主句以Therebe…开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。Eg.Thereisaroominthebuildingthatisstillfree.7.主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。Eg.Whoistheladythatiswaitingattheschoolgate?8.主句以Therebe…开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。Eg.Thereisaroominthebuildingthatisstillfree.在以Therebe…开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。Eg.Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.二、关系代词指代事物时，在下列情况下通常只用which而不用that引导定语从句：1.在非限制性定语从句中，常用which引导定语从句。Eg.Isaidnothing,whichmademymotherevenmoreangry.2.当先行词本身是that或是those且指物时。Eg.Paulhasfoundthatwhichhelostyesterday.3.当关系代词前面有介词时，常用which引导定语从句。Eg.Iliketoliveinthehouse,infrontofwhichthereisatallpinetree.三、关系代词指人时，在下列情况下通常只用who而不用that引导定语从句。1.先行词是one,ones或anyone时Eg.Anyonewholeavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.2.当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时Eg.Doyouknowtheteacherinbluewithabookinhishandwhoisstandingatthegate?3.先行词为those或被those修饰时，常用who引导定语从句Eg.Thosewholikefootballcanenterforthegame.4.在以Therebe…开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。Eg.Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.5.在非限制性定语从句中，常用who引导定语从句。Eg.Imetanoldfriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromEngland.6.当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(多用于谚语中)。Eg.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.7.在介词前置时只用whom。Eg.Inthedarkforest,therewasnotasinglepersont