Bullying-new-欺凌-英文介绍

BullyingWhatisBullying?•Peerbullyingistherepetitiveandpersistentpatternofbehaviorsdirectedbyoneormorechildrentowardanotherchild.Theseactionsareintendedtodeliberatelyinflictphysical,verbal,oremotionalabuse.(Hendershot,2006).TypesofBullying•Verbalthreats•Verbalinsults•Useofnicknames•Physicalthreats–assaultortheft•Socialactsofexclusionfrompeergroup•Cyber-bullying–throughelectronicmeanssuchase-mailorcellphonesWhereDoesBullyingOccur?•Bullyingismorelikelytooccurinlessstructuredsettingssuchasrecess,lunch,athleticcompetitions,orontheschoolbus.PrevalenceofBullying•1of4childrenarebullied•77%ofstudentsarebulliedmentally,verbally,andphysically•1of5kidsadmittobeingabully•8%ofstudentsmiss1dayofclasspermonthforfearofbullies•43%fearharassmentintheschoolbathroom•Every7minutesachildisbulliedontheplaygroundWhendoesbullyingbegin?•Bullyinggenerallybeginsintheelementarygrades,peaksinthesixththrougheightgrades,andpersistsintohighschool.•Bullyingismoreprevalentamongmalesthanfemalesandismorefrequentamongmiddleschool-agedyouththanhighschool-agedyouth.Malesvs.Females•Males–generallyengageinphysicalandverbalbullying•Females–generallyengageinrelationalbullyingsuchasostracism,prejudice,andspreadingrumorsPotentialVictimsofBullying•Childrenwithdiabetes•Childrenwhoarelessphysicallyattractive•Childrenwhoareoverweight•Childrenwhoaredisabled•Childrenwhoperformpoorlyinschool•ChildrenwithlearningdisabilitiesorADHD•Childrenwhoarepassive•Childrenwithpersonality,behavioral,andsocialdifferences•ChildrenwhoaregayorlesbianPotentialBullies•Childrenwhohaveahistoryofbeingbulliedbyotherchildren.•Childrenwithahistoryofchildhoodphysical,sexual,orverbalabuse.•Childrenwhohavelearningdisabilities•ChildrenwhohaveADHDConsequencesofBullying•Problembehaviors,suchassmokinganddrinkingalcohol.•Socialisolation•Pooracademicperformance•Abulliedchildmayimitatethebullyingbehaviorandbecomeaggressive.•Morethantwiceaslikelytocommithomicide.History•Doesthechildfeelsafeatschool?•Doesthechildfeelsafeontheplayground,orinthebathroom?•Doesthechildhavefrequentabsenteeism?•Doesthechildexhibitdepression,loneliness,lowselfesteem,aggression,socialisolation,pooracademics?•Doesthechildexhibitalossofappetiteorhavenightmares?•Doesthechildexhibitschoolphobia?CurrentTrendsinManagement•Referraltoschoolnurse,schoolcounselor,principal,socialworkerand/orschoolpolice.•Mediationbetweenbullyandthebulliedchild,andtheirparents,ifnecessary.CurrentTrendsinManagement•Trainingforeducatorsandschoolnursestoreadilyidentifythosewhobullyandthosewhoareatriskforbeingbullied.•PeermediationtrainingforstudentsCurrentTrendsinManagement•Protectionandcounselingforchildwhohasbeenbullied.•Counselingforthebully.•School-widebullyingpreventionprogramswithamultidisciplinaryapproach.•Socialskillstraining,conflictmanagementtraining,roleplayingtoempowerchildren.•Creationofsafeenvironmentatschoolwithadequateadultsupervision.CurrentTrendsinManagement•Peersupportgroups.•Consistentdisciplinaryresponsesandenforcementofcodesofbehavior.•Rolemodelsandmentorsforstudents.ResourcesforParents,Teachers,andSchoolNursesResources•–positionstatementsandissuebriefs••••••Davis,C.(2006).School’soutforbullying.Nursingstandard,20(21).P.24-25.•Hendershot,C.,Dake,J.,Price,J.,&Lartey,G.(2006).Elementaryschoolnurses’perceptionsofstudentbullying.Thejournalofschoolnursing,22(4).p.229-236.HAPPYBIRTHDAY•AMY