高中英语句子基本成分分析讲解

Membersofsentence句子成分句子成分sentencemembers主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)表语(predicative)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement)•noun--n..•adjective--adj.•adverb--adv.•verb-v.(vt./vi)1.Subject（主语）主语是执行句子行为或动作的主体•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutquickly.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue._______________________________________________________________________________•可做主语的有：名词，代词，数词，动名词（V-ing），不定式，主语从句（it是形式主语，主语从句才是真主语。•Itisclearthatyouliedtome.2.Predicate（谓语）说明主语的动作，状态或特征•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.___________________________________•1.Thesunwasshining.•2.Themoonrose.•3.Whocares?•4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.•5.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Predicative（表语）•系动词之后紧接的成分(名词，代词，adj，副词介词短语），与系动词一同构成句子的谓语，表示主语的性质，状态和特征•Heisasleep.•Iamateacher.•Hisfatherisin.•Thepictureisonthewall.四.宾语•1)动作的承受者—动宾（名词，代词，数词，动名词，不定式,宾语从句）•Ihateyou.•Ienjoyworking.•Ihopetoseeyouagain.•Didyouwritedownwhathesaid？宾语•2）介词后的名词，代词和动名词—介宾结构•Areyouafraidofthesnake？•Underthesnow，therearemanyrocks.宾语•3）双宾语--间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）•Hegivemeabook.•Givethepoormansomemoney.四.宾语补足语补充说明宾语的特征，状态等Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.______________________________________________________________________________________________可形成宾补的动词主要有:1.let/have/makesb.dosth.（使役v.）2.ask/want/tell/allow/wish/get/expect/encourage/invite/teachsb.todosth..3.find/see/hear/watch/notice/feelsb.dosth./sb.doingsth.4.helpsb.(to)dosth•5.常考:find(认为)/keep/leave•eg.Ifindthebookinteresting主语补足语对主语的补充说明•Hewaselectedmonitor.Weelectedhimmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthehouse.wefoundhersinginginthehouse六.定语句中修饰或限制名词或代词的词，词组或者句子（即是：定语从句）•Heisacleverboy.•MissWangisawomanteacher.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•DoyouknownBetty’ssister•Thereisasleepingboy.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.形容词名词数词名词所有格现在分词过去分词__________________________________________Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.____________________________________________________________________________________七.状语用于修饰形容词,动词或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.Exercises:分析句子结构1.Youareahard-workingstudent.2.Hefelthappytoday.3.Whatyousaidmademehappy.4.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?5.Helikespopmusic.Hewent.Hewentthere.Hewentthereyesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotherinhospitalbybikeyesterday.