Grammar(主语、同位语从句)

主语从句就是在复合句中做句子主语的从句。1.Thattheearthtravelsroundthesunisawell-knownfact.2.Itisuncertainwhethertheartistcandoitornot.3.Whowillacttheleadintheplayhasnotbeendecidedyet.主语从句【归纳总结】1.引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether；连接代词who,whose,what,which,whom,whoever,whatever等；连接副词where,when,whenever,wherever,how,why等。主语从句的that放在句首通常不能省略。2.有时用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。在主语从句中常用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语从句后置，常用的句型有：1)Itis+n.+从句Itisafact/anhonour/apitythat---2)Itis+adj.+从句Itisnatural/important/possible/certainthat---3)It+vi.+that---Itseems/appears/happened/turnedoutthat---4)Itis+过去分词+that---Itisreported/said/believed/announced/suggested/wellknownthat---1Whetherhewilldoitremainsaquestion.2Whatwehaveseenisquitedifferentfromwhatwehavelearned.3It’sapitythathedidn’tcometothepartyyesterday.4ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglish.5Ithappenedthathewasoutthatday.6Itisreportedthathelosthislifeinthewar.【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。remains7.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。(should)make同位语从句1.同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise等的后面，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。如:Thenewsthathisheathisfailingmadeussad.Ihavenoideawheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.2.同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子结构显得平衡。如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句通常由that引导，但that不在从句中充当成分，也不能省略；同位语从句也可以由whether,when,where,how等引导。如：Theyraisedthequestionwhereweshouldgo.Ihavenoideawhatheisdoingnow.Wordcamethathehadbeencaptured.4.引导同位语从句表示“是否”时，只能用whether而不用if。5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Iwon’tbelievethefactthathetoldalie.Iwon’tbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.(that引导同位语从句，对fact进行说明,that不充当句子成分。)(that引导定语从句,对fact进行限定，that在从句中充当宾语。)Wedarednottellhimthetruththathissonhaddied.Wedarednottellhimthetruththathissontoldus.1.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江2008)A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who2.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全国卷Ⅱ)A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which3.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(上海2002春)A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which4.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(NMET1996)A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析:what引导主语从句,在从句中做do的宾语6.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat__Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(2004上海)A.asB.whichC.whatD.that解析:Ithought是插入语,可以把它去掉不考虑.what引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语.宾语从句作at的宾语.7.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.[高考真题]A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。若选A或B,anyone或theperson后应回who,使其成为由who引导的定语从句,修饰anyone或person.8.___hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.[高考真题]A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What答案是B。“他变成了富翁,这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句意,须用that引导的主语从句。that在从句中不担任任何成分,只起连接作用。=Itisknowntoallinourtownthat---9.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when10.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.itBB11.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./12.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.whichBA13.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherB14.Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmap,without____wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which15.Doyouhaveanyidea___isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.whichDB16.Ihavenoidea____wecanspendourholiday.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whatA17.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.thatB.whatthatC.thatwhatD.whetherthat引导同位语从句，补充说明view;what引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作主语。C18.Thenews____hetoldusyesterdayisnottrue,butthenews____ourteamhaswonthematchistrue.A./;thatB.that;/C.that;whichD.that;whoA19_____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.（山东2008）A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As20______isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.（福建2008）A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which用适当的单词填空，使下列主语从句意思完整。1._______hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.2._______________wewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.3.Itisapity______wewon’tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummerholidays.ThatWhether/Wherethat4._______sheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.5._______hecamefromstillpuzzlesallofus.6.Ithappened_____Isawhimyesterday.7.Itdoesnotmakeanydifferencetome______youdo.WhetherWherethatwhat8._____wasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.9.____________________theywillhavethesportsmeetisstillaquestion.10.Itdoesn’tmatter______shelookslike.WhoWhen/Where/Whetherwh