现代农业与新型农业类型与模式特点

3113312222(1,110016;2,155630),,,,,,,,,,,,21,,,,X171.4A1000-4890(2006)06-0686-06Characteristicsofvariouspatternsandtypesofcontemporaryandnew2typeagriculture.LIDongpo1,WUZhijie1,CHENLijun1,MAFang2,LIYong2,ZHOURuzhong2,ZHANGBaoning2(1InstituteofAppliedEcology,Chi2neseAcademyofSciences,Shenyang110016,China;2853FarmofHeilongjiangProvince,Baoqing155630,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2006,25(6):1.Thispaperdiscussedtheconnotation,characteristic,guidingideology,anddevelopmentprospectsofvariouspatternsandtypesofcontemporaryandnew2typeagriculture,andanalyzedtheemergencebackgroundandprinciplesofsus2tainableagriculture,ecologicalagriculture,organicagriculture,precisionfarming,constructionagriculture,whitea2griculture,urbanagriculture,qualityagriculture,blueagriculture,naturalagriculture,biologicalagriculture,bio2dy2namicalagriculture,intensiveagriculture,andvarietiesofnew2typeagriculture.Itwasindicatedthateachofthesepatternsandtypeswaspervasiveandcomplementarywitheachother,andmanyofthempaidmoreattentiontorelyonthecycleofagro2ecosystemitselfandtotheproductionprocessesbebeneficialtotheimprovementandprotectionofecologicalenvironment.Thesepatternsandtypesofcontemporaryandnew2typeagriculturerejectedtousecon2temporarychemicalproducts,emphasizedenvironmentconsciousness,neglectedagriculturalproductionfunctionandincome,andconsequently,reducedproductbenefitandproductiveness.Facingtothenewproblemsofincreasingpopulationanddecreasingtillablefieldamount,someoftheseagriculturalpatternsweredifficulttoapplywidely.Ifthedistillationsofthesepatternscouldbecombinedtogether,acontemporaryagriculturewithpowerfulactivitywouldbeformed,andrepresentthetendencyofagriculturedevelopmentin21century.Keywordsconventionalagriculture,contemporaryagriculture,new2typeagriculture,oilagriculture,agriculturalpattern.3(102100923)33:2005-07-05:2006-02-171,,,,2080,[13],,,,,,[4],,212211ChineseJournalofEcology2006,25(6):686691,,,[24],,2080,,[12],,,,,,,,3:1)();2)();3)()()4:1);2);3);4)[6]3,,2090,[16],,,,212,,,,,,,[2],,[16];,;,[23],,,,,,,,[6],,,,,,213,,,,[16],,,,,,;,,,2080[5,21],,,214,,,,208090,(),786:,;,,[6],,,,[27],[19],10,,,,,,,[12]7,,,[28],215(),,,,,,,,,,,,[12],10[11],,,,,[7,19],,,,216,(),,,[15],,,,,,,[20];,,,;6[3,6],,,,213311(),,,(),(),886256[8],,,;;,;,[3],,,,,;[6],,,312(),,,,[21];,,:1),;2),;3),,;4),[28],313(),,,,20%,,,;;,,,[22],,71%,,300[3]21314(),,,,,,[4],,[16],,,,,[17],,,315,,,,,,[16],,,,[26],,,986:,,,316RudolfSteiner1924,,,[2]317,,[14],,[18,28],,[10],,,318,,,,,21,,,,,,,[1],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[12],,50,10,,,,,[9],,,,[25],,,,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,096256,,,,,,,21[1].2004.8[J].,6:5859.[2],,,.2004.[J].(),25(2):9498.[3],,,.2003.[J].,12:3235.[4].2001.20[J].,1:4548.[5],.2003.[J].,6:2832.[6],.2004.[J].,1:7172.[7].1994.[J].,9:2526.[8].2004.[J].,7:42.[9].2001.[J].,11:22.[10].2003.[J].(),4:115116.[11].1998.[M].:,26.[12].2004.[J].,2:3031.[13].2003.[J].,14:2126.[14],.2004.[J].,3:5758.[15],,.2003.[J].,38(8):2123.[16].2003.[J].,1:223.[17].1996.[J].,3:3.[18].2004.[J].,2:3132.[19],,,.2004.[J].,20(4):299324.[20].2001.21()[J].,(1):48.[21].2001.21()[J].,(2):48.[22].2001.21()[J].,(3):48.[23],.2004.[J].,3:3840.[24],,.2004.21[J].,32(4):8690.[25].2002.[J].,4:39.[26].1995.[J].,9:2830.[27],.2001.21[J].,1:34.[28]RazzaqA.2004.Biotechnological-intensivefarmingsystemThebesthopeforfuture[J].Mol.PlantBreeding,2(5):601607.,,196411,,,196: