工程硕士研究生英语基础教程unit3

Unit3PartAText(Preservingourplanet)PartBGrammar(比较级)PartCSupplementaryReading(Artforsale)PartAText(Preservingourplanet)•I.BackgroundIntroduction•GlobalwarmingistheincreaseintheaveragetemperatureofEarth'snear-surfaceairandoceanssincethemid-20thcenturyanditsprojectedcontinuation.Accordingtothe2007FourthAssessmentReportbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),globalsurfacetemperatureincreased0.74±0.18°C(1.33±0.32°F)duringthe20thcenturyMostoftheobservedtemperatureincreasesincethemiddleofthe20thcenturyhasbeencausedbyincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases,whichresultfromhumanactivitysuchastheburningoffossilfuelanddeforestation.]Globaldimming,aresultofincreasingconcentrationsofatmosphericaerosolsthatblocksunlightfromreachingthesurface,haspartiallycounteredtheeffectsofwarminginducedbygreenhousegases.•Ozonedepletiondescribestwodistinct,butrelatedobservations:aslow,steadydeclineofabout4percentperdecadeinthetotalvolumeofozoneinEarth'sstratosphere(theozonelayer)sincethelate1970s,andamuchlarger,butseasonal,decreaseinstratosphericozoneoverEarth'spolarregionsduringthesameperiod.Thelatterphenomenoniscommonlyreferredtoastheozonehole.Inadditiontothiswell-knownstratosphericozonedepletion,therearealsotroposphericozonedepletionevents,whichoccurnearthesurfaceinpolarregionsduringspring•ZimbabweisalandlockedcountrylocatedinthesouthernpartofthecontinentofAfrica,betweentheZambeziandLimpoporivers.ItisborderedbySouthAfricatothesouth,Botswanatothesouthwest,ZambiatothenorthwestandMozambiquetotheeast.Zimbabwehasthreeofficiallanguages:English,Shona(aBantulanguage),andNdebele(alsoaBantulanguage).•PeruofficiallytheRepublicofPeruisacountryinwesternSouthAmerica.ItisborderedonthenorthbyEcuadorandColombia,ontheeastbyBrazil,onthesoutheastbyBolivia,onthesouthbyChile,andonthewestbythePacificOcean.II.LanguagePoints•1.Despitedecadesofscientificresearch,nooneyetknowshowmuchdamagehumanactivityisdoingtotheenvironment.•despite:notwithstanding;inspiteof;regardlessprep.不管,不顾,尽管e.g.Hecametothemeetingdespitehisillness.尽管生病，他还是来参加会议。Despitealloureffortswestilllostthegame.尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。Usefulexpression:inspiteof不管,尽管,任凭despite不管,尽管,任凭•decadesof:yearsof/milesof数十，几十年usefulexpression:acoupleofdecades二三十年•2.whatisnotindoubt,however,isdevastatingeffecthumansarehavingontheanimalandplantlifeofplanet.•“whatisnotindoubt,…oftheplanet.”:Nobodywouldsuspect,however,thathumansarehavingruinouseffectontheanimalandplantlifeoftheplanet.Itimpliesthatnobodywoulddenythefactthathumansaredoingtremendousdamagetotheanimalandplantlifeoftheearth.•devastating:wreakingorcapableofwreakingcompletedestruction;physicallyorspirituallydevastating;oftenusedincombinationadj.毁灭性的,破坏性的,惊人的,压倒性的,有魅力的••e.g.Asmoulderingcigarettecankindleadevastatingbushfire.闷燃着的香烟会引起毁灭性的林区大火。•Theareaissubjecttodevastatingseasonalwinds.这个地区常遭破坏性季风的袭击。•Youlookdevastatinginthatnewdress.你穿那套新衣服看上去漂亮极了。•Theteamranitswinningstreaktosevenwithadevastatingperformance.这个队伍以压倒性的表现获得七连胜。•3.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholefloodofotherextinctions.•So,…awholefloodofotherextinctions.:So,ifyouremoveanextremelyimportantspeciesfromtheearth,youmightcausetheextinctionofalotofotherspecies.•4.Complicatingmattersisthefacttherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.•Complicatingmatters…totheproblem.:Thisisaninvertedsentence.Itmeansthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblemcomplicatesmatters.•5.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion—which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissions—preservingbio-diversityremainsanintractableproblem.•intractable:nottractable;difficulttomanageormoldadj.难驾驭的,倔强的,难加工的,难治疗的•e.g.Wearefacinganintractableproblem.我们面临着一个难以解决的问题。Noeasyfixforanintractableproblem.没有简单的办法解决难题.•6.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.•“…,provided…that…”:onconditionthat…•7.Sustainablemanagementisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.•beseenas:seesb.as把…看作;regard…as把…看作;lookupon/on…as把…看作;view…as把…看作;thinkof…as认为…;treat…as•practice:realistic实用的、务实的e.g.Wecanofferyoupracticalsuggestionsonhowtoincreasethefiberinyourdailydiet...我们可以提供建议，提高日常食谱中的纤维含量。•protectsb.from:protectsb.against这两个短语动词同义，都作“防御”讲，只是protectsb.against多半对付较大的事件，而protectsb.from则多半对付较小的事件。e.g.OurPLAmenprotectusagainstinvasion．我们的解放军战士保卫我们，抵御侵略。MissNashhaswornafurcoattoprotectherfromthecold．纳希小姐已穿上毛皮大衣来御寒。本实用的手册教授你关于放松和时间管理的知识。•8.Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.•sensible:showingreasonorsoundjudgment;reasonable;abletofeelorperceiveadj.明智的,合情理的,可觉察的•e.g.Itwasasensibleidea,Ifelt.我觉得这是切合实际的想法。Towinkatrudenessinchildrenisnotsensible.对小孩粗鲁的行为视若无睹是不明智的。•Usefulexpression:•sensibleof感觉,觉得,...•besensibleof知道,觉察到•9.Withcorruptionpopularinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversaresuspiciousthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.•corruption:moralperversion;impairmentofvirtueandmoralprinciplesn.腐败•e.g.It'sacrusadeagainstcorruption.这是一场反腐败的运动。Corruptionstandsi