创新设计浙江专用2017届高考英语二轮复习第二部分基础语法巧学巧练专题十定语从句课件

专题十定语从句⊙怎么考在语法填空与短文改错中考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法，侧重考查that，which，when，where的用法。⊙怎么学在平时的学习中，不死抠，不死背语法条目，而要在语篇中认真体会、学习与印证。⊙怎么解1.弄清关系代词和关系副词所代替的先行词和关系词在从句中所作的成分；2.思考其语法特征和语义特征，注意区分意义相近的关系词。Ⅰ.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.2.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.3.(2015·广东卷)Whenharvestcamearound，hewasalreadysellingherbs，vegetablesandcottoninthemarket________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.4.(2015·四川卷)Thebooksonthedesk，________coversareshiny，areprizesforus.5.(2014·广东卷)Thenextday，mybrotherandIwenttothebeach________wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.6.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.答案1.when[由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的inthemid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。]2.that/which[漓江的江水被许多艺术家描绘过。根据句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是waters，故定语从句的关系代词应该使用that或which。]3.where[考查定语从句。wherepeoplefromthetownsmetregularly是定语从句，修饰market，where在定语从句中作状语。]4.whose[考查定语从句。句意：桌子上封面闪闪发亮的那些书是我们的奖品。先行词为books，关系代词在从句中作名词covers的定语，故用whose。]5.where[考查定语从句的关系词。关系词在句中作地点状语，先行词是beach，故用where。]6.that/which[考查定语从句的关系词。空缺之后是一个定语从句，由于定语从句中缺少主语且先行词是ahabit，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。]Ⅱ.考点集训集训❶单句语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，________livedfromroughly551to479B.C，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.2.(2015·江苏卷)Thenumberofsmokers，________isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.3.(2015·湖南卷)Itisatrulydelightfulplace，________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.4.(2014·天津卷)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，allof________usesitdifferently.5.(2014·四川卷)Untilnow，wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren，________isquiteunexpected.6.(2014·山东卷)Acompany________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.7.(2014·湖南卷)Iamlookingforwardtotheday________mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.8.(2012·安徽卷)Alotoflanguagelearning，________hasbeendiscovered，ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife，soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.答案1.who2.as3.which4.which5.which6.whose7.when8.as集训❷用适当的关系代词完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会关系代词的用法。Doyouknowtheman__1__wrotethisbook？HewasJason，oneoftheengineers__2__camefromRussiainthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory__3__myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChina，thefirstthing__4__hedidwastovisitthefactory__5__didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthereason__6__Chinawassobackwardinit.Thenhespenteveryminute__7__hecouldsparetohelpChinadeveloptransportation.__8__ismentionedabove，Jasonwasaforeigner__9__madegreatcontributionstoourcountryandwasakindman__10__weshouldsaythanks.答案1.who/that2.who/that3.where4.that5.which/that6.why7.that8.As9.who/that10.towhom■知识胸有成竹一、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1.只用that的情况(1)先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；(2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级；(4)先行词被theonly，thevery(正是、恰是)，thelast等修饰；(5)先行词中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；(7)先行词是theway，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/inwhich或省略关系词。2.只用which的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句；(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。二、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如……，正像……的那样”三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中动词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。常见结构：①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词后可以用ofwhich/whom。②“the＋比较级或最高级”后用ofwhich/whom等。集训❸奔向高考阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Everybodyuseswords__1__specialmeanings.Themoreexactweare，themorelikelywearetousesuchwords.Aword，properly__2__(use)，canbeasusefulasseveralsentences，orevenapicture.Asyoustudyscience，youwillfindthatadiagram，adrawing，__3__aphotographmayalsohelpyoulearnandunderstand.Eachofthesespecialwords__4__(describe)akindofpicture.Itisimportant__5__(learn)theexactmeaningsofwordslikethese.Aphotographisapicturemadewithacamera.Adrawingisapicturedonewithapencil，apenorcrayons.Adiagramisadrawing，__6__showstheimportantpartsofathing.Youwilllearnsciencewordsbylearningtheirdefinitions.Thismeansthatyouwilllearnhowtodescribewhatsciencewordsmeanby__7__(choose)othermorefamiliarwords.Soonyouwillfindhoweasyitistoexpress__8__(you)clearlywiththehelpofsciencewords.Learningtousesciencewordscorrectlyisnot__9__(differ)fromlearningtodoanythingwell.Welearnbypractisingandby__10__(constant)tryingtoimprove.Itisnotsoimportanttosaythedefinitionsofwords，butitisquiteimportantthatwelearntousewordscorrectlytoexpressideas.【语篇解读】本文讲述了用词准确的重要性，用词恰当会事半功倍。1.with[考查介词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，如果空格出现在名词前面，很可能会填冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词等。根据句意可知，该空格处应填介词with，表示“具有，有”，“withspecialmeanings”在句中作后置定语修饰words，意为“具有特殊意义的单词”。]2.used[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，而且所填单词并不是并列谓语，那么空格处就要用所给动词的非谓语形式。根据题意可知，Aword和use之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。句中properlyused为过去分词短语作条件状语，可改写为“ifitisproperlyused”。]3.or[考查连词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，则很可能填连词。根据语境可知，此处应填表示选择关系的连词or，此处表示一个图表、一幅画或一张照片都