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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 北京市西城区南区20102011学年上学期高一年级期末质量检测物理试卷
1/5北京市西城区(南区)2010-2011学年上学期高一年级期末质量检测物理试卷2011.1(全卷满分120分考试时间90分钟)A卷(物理1)一、单项选择题(本题共9个小题。每小题4分,共36分。在每小题给出的四个选项中。只有一个....选项是符合题意的。)1.在下列物理量中,属于矢量的是A.路程B.加速度C.时间D.质量2.下面是某些物理量的国际单位,其中属于导出单位的是A.千克(kg)B.米(m)C.秒(s)D.牛顿(N)3.下列关于质点概念的描述,其中正确的是A.质量很小的物体都要看做质点B.体积很小的物体都要看做质点C.在某些情况下地球可以看做质点D.转动的物体都不能看做质点4.在下面四个运动图象中,描述物体做匀加速直线运动的是5.若两个分力的大小分别是3N和5N,则其合力的大小可能是:A.10NB.5NC.1ND.0N6.一个质量为10kg的物体放在水平地面上,当受到一个水平推力F1=30N时,其加速度为1m/s2,当受到的水平推力变为F2=60N时,其加速度为A.6m/s2B.4m/s2C.3m/s2D.2m/s27.如图所示,放在水平地面上质量为M的小木块,木块与地面之间的动摩擦因数为μ,当地的重力加速度为g。在大小为F、方向与水平方向成α角的拉力作用下能够沿着地面做匀加速直线运动,则木块的加速度大小为A.F/MB.Fcosα/MC.(Fcosα-μMg)/MD.(Fcosα+μFsinα-μMg)/M8.如图所示,光滑的水平桌面上叠放着的A、B两个物体,在一个水平向右的恒定的拉力F作用下,以共同的速度和加速度一起向右加速运动。则此时关于对B物体的受力分析,下面说法正确的是A.B物体受到竖直向下的压力B.B物体受到水平向右的拉力FC.B物体受到水平向左的滑动摩擦力D.B物体受到水平向右的静摩擦力2/59.将重为50N的物体放在某直升电梯的地板上。该电梯在经过某一楼层地面前后运动过程中,物体受到电梯地板的支持力随时间变化的图象如图所示。由此可以判断A.t=1s时刻电梯的加速度方向竖直向下B.t=6s时刻电梯的加速度为零C.t=8s时刻电梯处于失重状态D.t=11s时刻电梯的加速度方向竖直向上二、填空题(共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分。)10.根据物理问题的特点和解决问题的方便,我们往往不考虑实际物体的形状和体积等因素,而仅仅把物体简化为一个有质量的点,这样的点通常称之为;这种突出问题的主要因素、忽略次要因素,而对实际物体的科学抽象,称之为(选填:控制变量、理想模型、科学假说)。11.从初速度为零状态开始一直做匀加速直线运动的物体,在第1s内的位移是2m,则其运动的加速度是m/s2,在最初3s内的位移是m。12.一根原长为20cm,劲度系数为1000N/m的弹簧,在弹性限度内将弹簧的长度压缩到18cm时,它受到的压力为N。13.在粗糙的水平地面上放一个重为20N的物体,该物体在同一水平直线上,同时受到向左10N和向右4N的两个力作用下,处于静止状态。若只撤去水平向左10N的这一个力,则此时物体将处于状态,所受摩擦力大小变为N。14.用细绳悬挂在电梯的天花板上质量为m的物体,当电梯以g/3的加速度竖直加速下降时,细绳对物体的拉力大小为。(g为当地的重力加速度)15.电磁打点计时器用频率为50Hz的交流电源,由这种打点计时器打出的相邻的两点间对应的时间间隔为秒。下图表示的是由这种打点计时器打出的某运动物体拉动的纸带上连续打出的若干点中的一段。如果测得AE两点间的距离为24.8cm,那么就可以确定物体在AE段对应的平均速度,其大小为;如果进一步验证了该运动为匀加速直线运动,那么就可以确定该物体在C点对应的瞬时速度,其大小为;如果再进一步测得AC两点间的距离为12.2cm,那么就可以确定该运动的加速度为。三、计算题(共3个小题,共40分。解答时应画出必要的受力图,写出必要的文字说明和原始方程。只写出最后答案不能得分。有数值计算的题。答案中要明确写出数值和单位。)16.(14分)一个初速度是3m/s,质量是5kg的运动物体,在受到方向跟初速度方向相同、大小恒为10N的合外力作用下做匀加速运动。求:(1)物体运动的加速度大小;(2)运动2s末物体达到的瞬时速度大小;(3)前2s内物体运动的位移大小。17.(12分)右图表示的是一个在细绳的结点O上悬挂重物的装置,细绳AO和BO的A、B端都是固定的。平衡时AO是水平的,BO与竖直方向的夹角为θ。若已知重物的重力为mg,求:3/5(1)AO的拉力F1的大小;(2)BO的拉力F2的大小。18.(14分)右图表示的是在水平方向安置的传送带运送工件的示意图。已知上层传送带以速度v=1.2m/s匀速向右运动,传送带把A处的工件运送到B处,AB相距L=3m。从A处把工件轻轻放到传送带上,经过0.2s,工件与上层传送带达到了共速。若取当地的重力加速度g=l0m/s2,求:(1)工件在A、B间运行的加速度;(2)工件与传送带之间的滑动摩擦因数;(3)工件由A到B运动的时间。B卷(学期综合)19.(10分)在水平地面以上高为H米处水平地抛出一个小钢球,经测量知落地点与抛出点之间的水平距离为X米,当地的重力加速度为g,若忽略空气阻力的影响,求:(1)小球在空间的飞行时间T;(2)小球的初速度v0;(3)小球落地时的速度大小。20.(10分)一质点做平抛运动,部分轨迹如图所示,ABC三点为质点在轨迹上的连续三个闪光照像的位置,每个小正方格的边长为10cm,若本地的重力加速度g=10m/s2,求质点做平抛运动的水平初速度v0的大小。4/5【试题答案】一、单项选择题(本题共9个小题。每小题4分,共36分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题意的。)1—5BDCAB6—9BDDB二、填空题(共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。)10.质点;理想模型········································································各2分11.4;18······················································································各2分12.20·······························································································4分13.静止;4··················································································各2分14.2mg/3··························································································4分15.0.02s;3.1m/s;3.1m/s;2.5m/s2··················································各1分三、计算题(共3个小题,共40分。解答时应画出必要的受力图,写出必要的文字说明和原始方程,有数值计算的题,答案中要明确写出数值和单位。)16.(14分)(1)F合=ma,510mFa合=2m/s2····················································4分(2)vt=v0+at=3+2×2=7m/s································································5分(3)s=v0t+21at2=3×2+21×2×22=10m···················································5分17.(12分)F12合=T=mg····················································································2分F1=mgtanθ······················································································5分F2=cosmg···················································································…5分另解:F2y=T=mg······················································································2分F1=F2x=F2ytanθ=mgtanθ······································································5分5/5F2=coscos2mgFy···········································································5分18.(14分)(1)62.02.11tvam/s2·······························································4分(2)∵a=gmmg=μg∴μ=106ga=0.6································4分(3)工件在传送带上受向右的滑动摩擦力作用,先做匀加速运动,速度达到传送带速度时,由于惯性工件做匀速直线运动。工件做匀加速运动的位移:mats12.02.0621212211···············2分工件匀速运动过程的位移:s2=l-s1=3-0.12=2.88m…·································2分工件做匀速运动的时间:t2=4.22.188.22vss······································1分∴总时间:t=t1+t2=0.2+2.4=2.6s··························································1分19.(10分)解:(1)设:飞行时间为T,则在竖直方向上有:H=21gT2①·····································································2分解得:T=gH2·············································································1分(2)设:平抛运动的初速度大小为v0,在水平方向上有:X=v0·T②··············································································2分∴HgXTXv20······································································1分(3)∵小球落地时在竖直方向的分速度vy=gT=gH2··························2分∴小球落地时的速度:HggHXvvvy222220··························2分20.(10分)设:相机每次闪光时间间隔为T由图中看出:yAB=3×0.1=0.3m:yBC=5×0.1=0.5m······················································2分xA
本文标题:北京市西城区南区20102011学年上学期高一年级期末质量检测物理试卷
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