大学英语写作教程1 第八单元

UnitEightJoiningSentencesTogether(II)UnitObjectivesSubordinationOutlinePartIWarm-upactivitiesMarylikesthatshopverymuch.Marygoestothatshopalmosteveryweek.Marylikesthatshopverymuch,shegoestothatshopalmosteveryweek.Marylikesthatshopverymuch,shegoestothatshopalmosteveryweek.Marygoestothatshopalmosteveryweekshelikesthatshopverymuch.andsobecauseTonyisverygiftedinmusic.Tonychosetomajorinaccounting.Tonyisverygiftedinmusic,hechosetomajorinaccounting.Tonyisverygiftedinmusic,hechosetomajorinaccounting.Tony,isverygiftedinmusic,chosetomajorinaccounting.Tony,chosetomajorinaccounting,isverygiftedinmusic.butAlthoughwhowhoShewashiswife.Shestayedatahotel.shewashiswife,shestayedatahotel.shewashiswife,shestayedatahotel.shewashiswife,shestayedatahotel.shewashiswife,shestayedatahotel.shewashiswife,shestayedatahotel.shewashiswife,shestayedatahotel.shewashiswife,shestayedatahotel.AlthoughBecauseBeforeUntilAfterWhileWheneverSimilarityanddifferencebetweencoordinationandsubordination:Similarity:Bothofthemcanbeusedtocombinetwoclausesintoonesentence.Difference:Thetwoclausesincoordinatesentencescanbeusedindependentlybecauseeitheroftheirmeaningsiscomplete.However,insubordination,onlyoneclausekeepsacompletemeaningandcanbeusedindependently.Classroomactivities[p.115]1)Thatkingdomwassmallbutrich,andeverybodytherelivedhappily.Inthatkingdom,whichwassmallbutrich,everybodylivedhappily.Thatkingdom,inwhicheverybodylivedhappily,wassmallbutrich.2)Redrosesareusedtosymbolizelove,andmanypeoplebuythemonLover’sday.Asredrosesareusedtosymbolizelove,manypeoplebuythemonLover’sday.3)ManchesterUnitedhasplayedverywellsincelastNovember,so/andmanyyoungpeopleadmireitsmembers.ManyyoungpeopleadmirethemembersofManchesterUnitedbecauseithasplayedverywellsincelastNovember.4)TillnowonlyasmallnumberofAmericanshaverealizedtheAmericandream,butmostpeoplestillholdthebelieftobetrue.AlthoughtillnowonlyasmallnumberofAmericanshaverealizedtheAmericandream,mostpeoplestillholdthebelieftobetrue.5)Hewasveryexperiencedinsellingoptionalproducts,but/yethewasturneddownbythatspectaclescompany.Thoughhewasveryexperiencedinsellingoptionalproducts,but/yethewasturneddownbythatspectaclescompany.Typesofsubordination1)Nominalsubordination[nounclauses]2)Adjectivesubordination[attributiveclauses]3)Adverbialsubordination[Adverbialclauses]1)Nominalsubordination[nounclauses]Anounclausecanbefunctionedasanouninthesentence.e.g.Hissuggestionsoundsreasonable.Whathehassuggestedsoundsreasonable.Weappreciatehissuggestion.Weappreciatewhathehassuggested.Thisishissuggestion.Thisiswhathehassuggested.Heresentedhersuggestion,doingitagain.Heresentedhersuggestionthathedoitagain.SubjectObjectPredicativeAppositiveAnounclausecanbeaA.SubjectclauseB.ObjectclauseC.PredicativeclauseD.AppositiveclauseSubjectclauseWhenaclauseisusedasthesubjectofthesentence,itisasubjectclause.1)introducedbyTHAT2)introducedbyWHAT3)introducedbyotherWH-word1)introducedbyTHATJointhefollowingtwosentencestogether.LiuJinisthetopleaderinourcollege.Itisknowntoallofus.ThatLiuJinisthetopleaderinourcollegeisknowntoallofus.ItisknowntoallofusthatLiuJinisthetopleaderinourcollege.2)introducedbyWHATJointhefollowingtwosentencestogether.Hehassaidalotinthemeeting.Allaresheernonsense.Allthathehassaidinthemeetingaresheernonsense.Whathehassaidinthemeetingissheernonsense.3)introducedbyotherWH-wordJointhefollowingtwosentencestogether.Whenwillshegohome?Itisnotcertain.Whenshewillgohomeisnotcertain.Itisnotcertainwhenshewillgohome.Willshegobackhome?Itisnotdecided.Whethershewillgohomeornotisnotdecided.Itisnotdecidedwhethershewillgohomeornot.ObjectclauseHeadvised.WeconsiderrightCanyoutellus?Areyouaware?IhaveneverseenthehousebutIhaveanideaof.I’mnotsure.thatshe(should)bepatientitthatsheshouldbepatient.whathashappenedhowmuchthefineforthisiswhatitislikewhetheryou’dlikeitPredicativeclauseItseems.Whatsurprisedmemostwas.That's.Whatistroublingusis.Thingsarenot.Youlook.thatitisgoingtorainthathespokeEnglishsowellwhyhouseworkissoheavywherewecanfinditastheyseemtobeasif/asthoughyoudidn'tcareAppositiveclause名词从句作同位语,所修饰的名词短语的中心词通常都是概括性的抽象名词,且很少为复数,通常带冠词。这类词常见的有:fact,idea,opinion,belief,evidence,proof,reason,argument,thought,statement,theory,principle,law,truth,possibility,question,doubt,assumption,hypothesis,prediction,conclusion,report,story,hope,advantage,disadvantage,requirement,suggestion,news,rumour,problem,order,information,knowledge等。名词从句作同位语一般由连词that,wh-疑问词或名词性关系词引导。①that在引导名词从句作同位语时,它在从句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有任何词义。e.g.Theveryfactthatland-useissuesweresovisiblethroughoutthewestmeantthatpeoplewereworkinghardtokeepthembeforethepublic.Thenewsthatweareinvitedtotheconferenceisveryencouraging.2.wh-疑问词引导有少数名词,如question,problem,idea,doubt等,后面可以跟由wh-疑问词引导的名词从句作同位语。限制性同位语从句之前常有介词of。例如:Myoriginalquestion,whyhediditatall,hasnotbeenanswered.。Youcanhavenoideaofhowanxiouswehavebeen.Thereisnodoubtastowhetherthedocumentisgenuine.2)Adjectivesubordination[attributiveclauses/relativeclauses]RestrictiverelativeclauseNon-restrictiverelativeclauseR