国际实物配送outcome2

1Technicalreport1---InternationalTransportModesTable–InternationaltransportmodesModeTotalmodecostCostperpalletTransittimeModeadvantagesModedisadvantagesSea£620£24.87days1.lowestexpenseoffreight.2.largequantities.3.longdistance1.slowest2.vulnerabletobadweather3.lesspunctual4.highriskAir£1265£2534hours1.improveefficiencyoperations2.increasesecurity3.useinformationtechnology4.fasterspeed1.hightotalcost2.theweightlimit3.nottoofarfromtheairportRail£1275£512days1.largecapacity2.relativelypunctual3.economical4.relativelyhighspeed5.lesspronetointerruptionsbyproowether1.confinedtorailroad2.lessflexibleDirectroad£1350£67.53days1.betterforshort-shipped2.flxibleandconvenient1.smallcapacity2.hightransportcost3.highrateofgoodsdamage4.disruptedbyweatherMulti-mode£1185£47.47daysand18hours1.reducehandingofcargo2.permitdoor-to-doorservice3.reducetheriskofpilferagewithsubsequentsavingsoninsurancepremiums4.quickertransittimes5.enablethequotationofthroughratestothedistance1.investmentcostarehigh2.notallcargoissuitableforcontainersation2TheExplanationofDataSea:thetotalcostis£620,thisisbecauseoftheseatransportis40ftcontainercarrying25palletsandthepriceis£620percontainer.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£620/25=£24.8.Thetransittimeis7daysinthebasicdata.Air:thetotalcostis£1265,thisisbecauseoftheairwillbebyairplanecargohold,atmaximumoffivepalletandthepriceis£1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1265/5=£253.Thetransittimeis4hours.Rail:Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£1275/25=£51.Thetransittimeis2days.thetotalmodecostis£1275,thisisduetothattherailtransportwillbeby40ftcontainercarrying25pallets,thusthepriceis£1275.Directroad:thetotalmodecostequalto£1350,thepriceis£1350perflatbedcontainerlorryandthedirectroadwillbebycurtainsiderigidlorrycarrying20pallets.Thusthetotalmodecostis£1350.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1350/20=£67.5,thetransmittimeis3days.Multi-mode:firstofall,thepriceis£125fromtheMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalata,addtheseamode£620andtherailcost£295,then,addtheroadformCoatbridgeRailporttoKirriemuirBottling,thecostis£145.ThusTotalmodecost=£125+£620+£295+£145=£1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£1185/25=£47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£1185.3Technicalreport2---ConsignmentdeliverytermsTable-IncotermsandtheirdefinitionInitialIncotermDescriptionEXWExWorks(namedplaceofdelivery)Thebuyerisresponsibleforuploading.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremisesonthedatagreetupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.FCAFreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)Atradetermrequiringthesellertodelivergoodstoanamedairport,terminal,orotherplacewherethecarrieroperates.Costfortransportationandriskoflosstransfertothebuyerafterdelivertothecarrier.Thesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedthegoodsover,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Whenusedintradeterms,theword“free”meansthesellerhasanobligationtodelivergoodstoanamedplacefortransfertocarrier.CPTCarriagePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)Theriskofdamageorlosstothegoodsbeingtransportedistransferredfromthesellertothebuyerassoonasthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier.Thesellerisresponsibleonlyforarrangingfreighttothedestination,andnotforinsuringthegoodsshipmentwhenitisbeingtransported.Ithasbeendesignedtosuittheneedsofmodembusiness.CIPCarriageandItreferstothatthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrierorfirstcarrierandpayforthecarriageofgoodsuptothenamed4InsurancePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)placeofdestination.Meanwhile,thesellermustobtaintheinsuranceforthegoodswhileittransit.Afterthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrier,theriskwilltransmittobuyer.DATDeliveredatTerminal(namedplaceofdestination)Itmeansthesellercoversallthecostsoftransportsuchastheexportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges.meanwhile,itmustassumesallriskuntildestinationportorterminal.TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange.Importduty/taxes/customscostsaretobebornebyBuyer.Theriskistransmittobuyerwhenthebuyercontrolthegoods.DAPDeliveredatplace(namedplaceofdestination)Referstothesellertoshipthegoodswithinthespecifieddestination,needtoprepareforunloadingwithoutunloadingthecompletedeliverytermreferringtothearrivalofvehiclesincludingships,includingdestinationport,thesellershallbearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsshippedtothespecifieddestinationandcharges(exceptimportcharges)thistermappliestoanymodeoftransportationandmilti-modetransportbysea.DDPDeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)ItmeanstheSellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingtheg