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一、概念:定语从句在句子中起定语作用,修饰句中的某一名词或代词,被定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。种类:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句结构:先行词+关系词+从句的其他部分关系词:指代人whowhomthatas指代物whichthatas所属关系whose指地点where指时间when指原因why先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,whyThisisourschool,whereweliveandstudyhereeveryday二.关系词的用法关系代词指代先行词,在定语从句中作主语,宾语和定语。关系代词一般跟在先行词之后,而且它的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。关系副词关系副词关系副词关系代词1:which和that的用法当先行词指物时,可以用关系代词which和that,其在定语从句中作主语和宾语(可以省略),一般情况下可以互换。但是,在作介词的宾语是只能用which而不能用that。用that不用which的情况1.当先行词是“人+物”时2.当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰时3.当主句的主语是疑问代词who或which时4.当先行词是all,much,little,few,some,something,anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时5.当先行词被every,much,some,any,all,no,little,thevery,theonly,thefew,thesame,thelast等修饰时Eg.Lookattheboyandthedogarecrossingthestreet.TheYangtzeriveristhelongestriverflowsfromthewesttotheeastofChina.Whoisthemanisstandingthere?Pleasegetreadyforeverythingweneed.Youshouldhandinallyouhave.Theonlythingwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.用which不用that的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that2.介词+关系代词时,不用thatEg.Iusedtolivedinasmallvillage,whichIwillneverforget.IusedtolivedinasmallvillageinwhichIspentmychildhood.Eg.Iusedtolivedinasmallvillage,whichIwillneverforget.IusedtolivedinasmallvillageinwhichIspentmychildhood.二.关系代词whose的用法指人=ofwhom+the+nthe+n+ofwhomwhose作定语ofwhich+the+n指物=the+n+ofwhicheg.Iknowthegirlmotherisateacher.Pleasepassmethebookcoverisyellow.Pleasepassmethebookisyellow.Pleasepassmethebookisyellow.三.who和whom的用法当先行词指人时,可以用关系代词who和whom,who指代先行词在从句中作主语,可以用that来代换;whom指代先行词作宾语(可以省略),在口语中可以用that和who代换。Eg.Iseethepersonhebeats.Themanisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.TheboywithJhonspokeismybrother.四.关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。Eg.Iusedtolivedinasmallvillageinwhich/whereIspentmychildhood.ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.Igraduatedin1999,when/inwhichIbecameateacher.注意:行词是时间名词或地点名词时,如果在从句中不作状语,则不能用when或where引导定语从句,而要用which/that。Eg.Thereasonthat/whichhegaveusisnotreasonable.ThisisthefactorythatIvisitedlastyear.五.theway后面定语从句的关系词在定语从句中,theway是一个比较特殊的先行词,当它在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是inwhich,that或省略;但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。Thewaythat/whichIthoughtoftosolvethisproblemprovestobepractical.(先行词作宾语)我想到的解决这个问题的方法证明是可行的。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)yousolvetheproblem.(先行词作方式状语)我不喜欢你解决问题的方法。六.as引导的定语从句用在thesame...as,such...as,as...as,so...as结构中,as可以作主语、宾语或表语,可以用来代替先行词。TheycouldonlyreadsuchstoriesashadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)注意:(1)such...as...(定语从句)像……那样such...that...(状语从句)如此……以至于……ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.(状语从句)这是个简单的问题,我能回答。(2)thesame...as...表示相似的东西thesame...that...表示同一人或物ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。七.引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句,即可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游,事实证明这是一个明智的选择。(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用as。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(3)as意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等;which意为“这一点”。Awarissocruelthatitalwayscausesgreatlosses,ashashappenedinLibya.战争是如此的残酷以致于总是带来巨大损失,正如利比亚所发生的事情一样。Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.汤姆进步很快,这使我很高兴。八.分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候也会被插入语、同位语、状语、谓语或其他定语等成分分隔。如果是隔开了的定语从句,则要先根据句意找到先行词,然后再进行句子结构分析。Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonewhenlocal5starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.(2009·江苏高考)由于金融危机,当地五星级宾馆一晚索价6000元的日子一去不复返了。OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。九.如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分(主语,宾语或定语,状语)
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