第七章 非谓语动词之动名词和分词

Chapter7动名词&分词V-ing&V-ed性质主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动名词n.pron.动名词能在句中充当什么成分？动名词在句子中的功能及用法1.作主语___________________isveryusefultome.（学习生词对我来说很有用.）Learningnewwords____________________________helpsmakeonehealthy.（每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。）Takingexerciseeverymorning1.名词作主语，有时句中使用形式主语it而将真正主语（动名词）放到句尾。常用的结构有：Itis+n.+doing.Itis+adj.+doingThereis(was)nodoingItisnousewritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.Itwasnicemeetingyou.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.注意2.适用于Itis以上结构的名词（短语）有：nouse,nogood,（great)fun,awasteoftime,等形容词有：useless,useful,nice,good,interesting,worthwhile,foolish,dangerous等。如：1)从早到晚开车很累人。It’stiring______________________________.2)学而不练是没有好处的。It’snogood__________________________.3）和他辩论下去是浪费时间。Itisawasteoftime_____________________.4)被带去一个新地方很有意思。It’sfun_______________anewplace.arguingwithhimlearningwithoutpracticedrivingfrommorningtillnightbeingtakento3.句型Thereis…往往用于说明不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在。类似一种建议、命令等。1)Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.2)ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.毋庸置疑，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。3)Thereisnolitteringabout.不许乱扔杂物。2.作表语Hishobbyis________________.collectingstamps他的爱好是集邮动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。WhatIhatemostis________________.beinglaughedat1）作动词的宾语，常见动词有：avoid,ban,confess,consider,delay，deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,fancy，finish,forbid,forgive,imagine,postpone,tolerate,mind,keep,practice,prevent,propose,recommend,resist,risk,suggest等。3.动名词作宾语带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做动名词的复合结构注意1）动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.Herbeinglateforclassagainirritatedtheteacher.2）在口语和非正式语体中，如果不在句首，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语可采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.I’mgladatTom/Tom’scoming.3）无生命的事物名词或不定代词作逻辑主语时一般采用通格形式Thesuggestionofthemeetingbeingputoffwasnotadoptedbythechairman.4)集合名词、单复数同形的名词或变化不规则的复数名词作逻辑主语并同动名词一起作宾语时，一般用通格。例如：Iwassurprisedatthechildrenplayinginthestreetyesterday.Isthereanyhopeof___________________________?(你们队赢得比赛）Theboywasalarmedby_____________________thedoor.(某人在敲门）Doyouobjectto________________thephysicsgroup?（李平参加物理小组）__________________mademeworried.(我姐姐病了）yourteamwinningthematchsomeoneknockingatLiPing’sjoiningMysister’sbeingillWearelookingforwardto____________________tospeaktous.(那位专家的到来）Idon’tlike______________________________eachotherinpublicplaces.(汤姆和杰克互相说坏话）Heleftthecity____________________（我们都不知道。theexpert’scomingTomandJackspeakingillofwithoutourknowingit既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达的意义不同。Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratthehotel.我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生)注意1．remember/forgettodo动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生2.trytodo设法、努力去做，尽力doing试试去做（看有何结果）3.meantodo打算做（主语一般是人）doing意味着（主语一般是物）4.regrettodo对将要做的事抱歉doing对已经发生的事感到后悔5.stoptodo停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手头的事情Practice：Hedidnotmean___________(hurt)you.Thisillnesswillmean_______(go)tohospital.Hestopped________(listen),buttherewasnomoresound.Iremembered_______(give)thebooktoLiLei,buthesaidIdidn’t.Weregret__________(inform)youthatweareunabletoofferyouthejob.Ishallneverforget_______(see)theAlpsforthefirsttime.Try______(do)moreexercises;you’llsoonloseweight.tohurtgoingtolistengivingtoinformseeingdoing2)作介词的宾语Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoingout.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames？注意在一些动名词（短语）作介词in的宾语的结构中，介词in可以省略。这些结构有：1）difficultytroubleS+have+problem+(in)doing….agood/hardtimefun2)Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth..3)bebusyS+losenotime+(in)doing….wastenotime4)S+spendtime/money(in)doingsth..Theyarebusy(in)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.他们忙于准备考试．Doyouhaveanydifficulty(in)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?你听懂英语口语有困难吗？Ispenttwohours(in)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.我花了两个小时写作文．Helostnotime(in)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.他立即把这个好消息告诉了我．preparingfortheexaminationunderstandingspokenEnglishwritingmycompositiontellingmethegoodnewsPractice:注意：to在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdowntopayattentiontodevoteoneselftoleadtobeopposedtobeaddictedtoobjectto（反对）sticktowhenitcomesto…Let’sgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.Eachnationhasitsownpeculiaritieswhenitcomestodoingbusiness.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.Hisfatherworksinaprintingshop.Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.4.作定语动名词作定语表示性质或用途选择题：1.Mywatchneeds________,butIhavenotimetogototowntohaveit_______.A.torepair;repairedB.toberepaided;repairingC.repairing;repairedD.beingrepaired;repaired2.Youshouldapologizetoyoursisterfor_____herthetruth.A.tellingB.nottellingC.tellingnotD.nottell3.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot___________itoff.A.turningB.turnC.toturnD.havingturned4.Hearingthebadnews,themothercouldn’thelp________.A.tocryB.cryingC.cryD.cries5.Ourteachertoldustospendsometime_______Englisheveryday.A.topractisespeakingB.practisingspeakingC.topractisetospeakD.practisingtospeak6.Itisnouse_______withoutdoing.A.topromiseB.promisingB.C.promiseD.tobepromised分词有关用法一.分词可分为:(以do为例)(doing)(done)二.现在分词与过去分词区别：区别区别语态时态现在分词过去分词现在分词()过去分词()现在分词()过去分词()主动被动正在进行已经完成Exercises:1.Welivedinthehouse__________(我舅舅们修建的).2.Anymedicine________(服用)withoutthe