人版英语八年级(下册)U8

一.用法1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.2.表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。Theyhavelivedheresince1996.二.现在完成时的构成及句式转换现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。1.肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他2.否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他3.一疑句:have/has+主语+过去分词+其他haven’thasn’t动词过去分词的变化和过去式的变化类似，分规则变化和不规则变化两种。三.动词过去分词的变化规则1.不规则变化（课本137、138页）begin-began-begunlet-let-letknow-knew-knowneat-ate-eatenstand-stood-stoodcome-came-come2.规则变化1).一般在动词词尾直接加ed。pick→picked→pickedwish→wished→wishedstay→stayed→stayed2).以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。like→liked→liked;hope→hoped→hoped;phone→phoned→phoned3).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。study→studied→studiedhurry→hurried→hurriedreply→replied→replied4).词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。stop→stopped→stoppedclap→clapped→clapped四.现在完成时的标志词1.常与just,already,yet,ever,never,before,sofar等连用,强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。HaveyoueverbeentoJapan?Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.HehasalreadytaughtmesomeEnglish.四.现在完成时的标志词2.for+时间段,since+时间点,since+时间段ago,since+一般过去时的句子。Theyhavestayedtheresince1997.IhavelearnedEnglishforsixyears.Hehaslivedheresincehewasachild.Shehasworkedheresincetwoyearsago.1.______twoyearssince和for填空2.______twoyearsago3.______lastmonth4.______19995.______yesterday6.______5o’clock7.______4hours8.______2minutesago9.______wewerechildren10.______shelefthere五.already和yet用法◆already“已经”,一般用于肯定句中,放have/has后，过去分词前或句尾。Ihavealreadyreadthebook.Somevisitorshavecomealready.◆already用于疑问句中时通常表示惊奇。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkalready?Ican’tbelieveit.◆yet用于疑问句中意为“已经”，用来询问说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生；用于否定句中，意为“还”，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生。yet通常放在句尾。Haveyouseenheryet?Ihaven’tfoundmypenyet.◆already与yet的转换含already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时,要把already变为yet,并放于句尾。Ihavealreadyreadthebook.Ihaven’treadthebookyet.Haveyoureadthebookyet?1.Hehasalreadygonehome.2.Ihavereadthisbookbefore.3.Theyhavecookeddinneralready.4.Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.5.Maryhasclosedthewindowalready.1.Haveyouever______(take)atrain?2.I_______(have)mylunchandI'mnothungrynow.3.We______(be)goodfriendssincewemetatschool.4.Wecan'tfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe______(go)home.5.He________(read)thebookbefore.6.Mr.Green_________(teach)usalotaboutsocialstudiessinceSeptember.takenhavehadhavebeenhasgonehasreadhastaughtLookatthepictures.Haveyoureadthesebooks?AliceinWonderlandLittleWomenLookatthepictures.Haveyoureadthesebooks?TreasureIslandTomSawyerLookatthepictures.Haveyoureadthesebooks?OliverTwistRobinsonCrusoeHaveyouheardofthesebooks?Check(√)theonesyouknow.1a___AliceinWonderland___LittleWomen___TreasureIsland___OliveTwist___RobinsonCrusoe___TomSawyerBookTitleNameHavetheyreadit?Whatdotheythinkofit?NickJudySandyAlanKateHarryNoYesYesNoYesNoIt’sexciting.It’swonderful.It’sfantastic.Listenandcompletethechart.TreasureIslandRobinsonCrusoeLittlewomen1bA:HaveyoureadLittleWomenyet?B:No,Ihaven’t.Haveyou?A:Yes,Ihavealreadyreadit.B:What’sitlike?A:It’sfantastic.Practicetheconversation.Thentalkabouttheotherbooksin1a.1c1.TreasureIslandMark/Tina2.OliveTwistMark/Tina3.RobinsonCrusoeMark/Tina4.TomSawyerMark/TinaListen.Whohasreadthesebooks?Circlethenames.2aListenagainandwriteTfortrueandFforfalse.1.OliverTwistisaboutaboywhogoesouttoseaandfindsanislandfulloftreasures.2.RobinsonCrusoeisaclassic.3.TinathinksthatTreasureIslandisafantasticbook.4.TomSawyerisaboutaboywholivesintheUnitedKingdom.2bFFTTbefullofsth装满了…Thebottleisfullofwater.A:HasTinareadTreasureIsland?B:Yes,shehas.Shethinksit’sfantastic.A:What’sitabout?B:It’sabout…Usetheinformationin2aand2btotalkaboutthebooks.2cRole-playconversation.2dA:Steve,haveyoudecidedyetwhichbooktowriteaboutforEnglishclass?S:Yes,LittleWomen.I’vealreadyfinishedreadingit!A:Wow,you’refast!What’sitabout？S:It’saboutfoursistersgrowingup.Itwasreallygood,soIcouldn’tputitdown.Whichbookdidyouchoose?A:IchoseTreasureIsland,butIhaven’tfinishedreadingityet.I’monlyonpage25.S:Haveyouatleastreadthebackofthebooktoseewhatit’sabout?A:Yes,Ihave.Itlooksinteresting.S:Youshouldhurryup.Thebookreportisdueintwoweeks.A:Yes,Iknow.I’llreadquickly.1.(be)duetodo预计做…Theguestsareduetoarriveverysoon.2.dueto+代词/名词,“因为,由于”Hedidn’tcomehereduetohisillness.1.inahurry介词短语，匆匆忙忙地Shealwayshasbreakfastinahurry.2.nohurry,“不忙，不必着急”Thereisnohurry,sodoitslowly.《鲁滨逊漂流记》由英国作家丹尼尔·笛福所著。它是一部家喻户晓的现实主义回忆录式冒险小说。作者受一个苏格兰水手海上遇险的经历启发写成的。小说分三部分：第一部分写鲁滨逊初出茅庐，最初三次航海的经过及其在巴西经营种植园的情况；第二部分详细描述了主人公流落荒岛，独居28年的种种情景；第三部分简要交代了鲁滨逊回国后的命运及这个海岛未来的发展趋向。ReadthepassagebasedonRobinsonCrusoe.Thenanswerthequestions.1.WhatdoesRobinsonCrusoewaitfor?2.WhydoesRobinsonCrusoecallthemanFriday?3aWhenIfirstarrivedonthisisland,Ihadnothing.ButI’vefoundtheshipandmadeasmallboat.I’vebroughtbackmanythingsIcanuse—foodanddrink,tools,knivesandguns.AlthoughIhavelosteverything,Ihavenotlostmylife.SoIwillnotgiveupandIwillwaitforanothership.Ihavealreadycutdowntreesandbuiltahouse.Igooutwithmygunalmosteverydaytokillanimalsandbirdsforfood.I’mevenlearningtogrowfruitandvegetables.Afewweeksago,Ifoundthemarksofanotherman’sfeetonthesand.Whoelseisonmyisland?Howlonghavetheybeenhere?Notlongafterthat,Isawsomecannibalstryingtokilltwomenfromabrokenship.Oneofthemdiedbuttheotherrantowardsmyhouse.Ihelpedhimkillthecannibals.Thismann