高中英语句子成分及词性类型

词类名词代词形容词副词动词数词连词介词冠词感叹词China;pencil;salt;power…they;itself;that;who;any…beautiful;round;exciting…quite;luckily;almost;very…buy;die;have;will;must;be…one;first;ten;tenth…and;but;while;because;after…at;in;with;by;on;for;of…an;a;theOh;ouch;aha…词类短语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语补语定语状语同位语独立成分修饰成分句子按结构简单句并列句复合句按功能陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句基本句型(getup;sothat;lookfor)词类（10个）名词：人名Mike地名America动物名pig植物名tree抽象名词idea(主意)knowledge(知识)代词：（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词）动词：walkthinkamisare形容词：修饰名词高矮胖瘦白富美……副词：修饰动词介词:名词的“好哥们”;atbyinon“四大要犯”连词：连接单词短语句子；不单独使用and、but、or、so、if、when…数词：基数词，序数词冠词：定冠词the不定冠词a\an;不单独使用;与名词搭配感叹词：oh!Ah!well!根据对词类概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类：1deep2.finger3.fly4.papers5.pass6refuse7.size8.spoon9.delicious10.thick11.town12.map13.myself14.and15.on16sheep17ship18mine19important20an21catch22first23laugh24third25leave26here27fly28home29round30sing31blind32but33eighth34about35bad36yours37child38against39ah40with41cinema42Tuesday43cheap44advice45two46they47able48for49say50quickly51if52.whether根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。1scientist2singer3conversation4beautiful5loudly6famous7government8dangerous9instruction10careful11lively12safeties13national14traditional15illnesses16wonderful17competitions18station19successful20natural21illnesses22lovely23really24friendly25usually26yearly27advertisement句子成分的分析（7个）英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）------S谓语（predicate）-----V宾语（object）-----O表语（predicative）------P定语（attribute）------Attri.状语(adverbial)------Adv.补语（objectcomplement）-----oc主语谓语宾语观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的“主语”、“谓语”、“宾语”吗?因此这是个典型的“主谓宾”句型。Ibeatyou.主语谓语宾语SVOIteachyouEnglish.Youarebeaten.主语是动作的发出者或承受者。Wearegoodfriends.WhatIwanttodoisjointheparty.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.TolearnEnglishisdifficult.名词、代词从句或非谓语动词我们再想一想什么是谓语(Predicate)谓语表示一个动作、行为，是由动词充当的。IteachyouEnglish.一个句子能不能没有谓语？谓语不能宾语(Object)又是什么？动词宾语：Iloveyou.介词宾语：Iwanttogivethisbooktoyou.Hetoldmethathefeltlonely.Helikesswimming.宾语一般由名词、代词充当。也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。及物动词vt.介宾定语(Attributive):定语的作用？用于修饰、限定名词或代词。定语一般由？？？充当。girl定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。apencilbox形容词beautifulaPractice:aninterestingbookThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.ameetingtoattendThemanoverthereThebooksontheshelf从句非谓语动词副词（词组)介词（词组）状语(Adverbial)状语是用于修饰副词、形容词、动词或句子的成分。状语一般由副词充当。Thoseproblemsareprettyhard.Theymanagedtofinishthejob,beforeMonday.Theoldmansatonthebench,enjoyingthesunset.Ashewasleavingtheoffice,itstartedtorain.介词词组（现在分词词组）（时间状语从句）补语(Complement)Hemadehissistercry.Hissisterwasmadetocry.补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。Don’tleavemealone.(OC)主语补语宾语补足语Practice:EveryonecallshimJack.HeiscalledJack.Shelaidthebabyonthebed.(prep.)Isawhimrushingintotheclassroom.表语(Complement)Timeisup.(adv.)Theyareintheclassroom.(prep.)Theplaceiswherewefirstmeteachother.1）持续系动词：keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand2）表像系动词：用来表示“看起来像”seem,appear,look3）感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,taste4）变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run5）终止系动词：证实，变成prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.同位语(Appositive)同位语是位于名词或代词后面，重复指代同一事物。同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象名词为多）Thenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme.插入语的还可以是不定式、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、副词或从句。1.Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithyou.2.Strictlyspeaking,youarewrong.3.This,inmyopinion,isonlyasimplequestion.4.Bytheway,whereisXiaoLi.5.Sureenough,enemyplanescameagainthenextday.6.Honestly,Idon’tneeditatthemoment.7.Youarenotquitefitforthiskindofwork,ifImaysayso.英语句子的基本结构（5个）1.S+V(主+谓)2.S+V+P（主+系+表）3.S+V+O（主+谓+宾）4.S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）5.S+V+O+OC（主+谓+宾+宾补）判断下列各句句子的基本句型1.MrBlackisEnglish.2.Theteachertaughtussomegrammarrules.3.Thefarmerdugupthesoil.4.Shefoundherringlost.5.Sheleftherjobunfinished.SVIODOSVOSVOCSVOCSVP6.Thegreatpoetlivedinthe18thcentury.7.Sheintroducedherfriendstous.8.Thetape-recorderisonthedesk.9.Theguestshavejustarrived.10.Shelaidthebabyonthebed.练习（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.主定语宾语谓语状语定语状语6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.11.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.12.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.定语表语宾语主语谓语目的状语宾语形式宾语真正宾语表语宾语(二)。划分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow？5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermi